1. Agreement on terms
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2007
   I have come to accept that western journalists cannot accurately, let alone objectively, represent the Middle East and the Arab world. The problem is not that journalists do not always adhere to their own professional codes and methods, though that does happen. It is that even if correspondents strictly obey all the rules, they still present a fundamentally biased and skewed picture of the Middle East.
2. AIPAC: Israel's U.S. Spy Den
   Against The Current vol. 113
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2004
   The socialist Left must remain clear in its avoidance of a conspiratorial view of history. The entire U.S. political spectrum in the aftermath of the 2000 election, and especially since 9/11, has been awash with conspiracy theories. With deep roots in our political culture, ahistorical conspiratorial views of the workings of the world, devoid of any class understanding or a structural and institutional analysis of what we live in, come bubbling to the surface, especially during times of "national crisis."
3. The Alternative Information Center
   A Bridge of Information and Israeli Palestinian Co-operation
   Resource Type: Website
   A Palestinian-Israeli organization which disseminates information, research and political analysis on Palestinian and Israeli societies as well as the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, while promoting cooperation between Palestinians and Israelis based on the values of social justice, solidarity and community involvement.
4. Arab Jews vs. Palestinians: Israel's Refugee Pawns
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2012
   Israel's attempt to compare Arab Jews to Palestinian refugees.
5. Bat Shalom (Daughter of Peace)
   Resource Type: Website
   Feminist peace organization working toward a just peace between Israel and its Arab neighbours.
6. Bertrand Russell's Last Message
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 1970
   No people anywhere in the world would accept being expelled en masse from their own country; how can anyone require the people of Palestine to accept a punishment which nobody else would tolerate?
7. Beyond Chutzpah 
   On the Misuse of Anti-Semitism and the Abuse of History
   Resource Type: Book
   First Published: 2005
   A meticulously researched expose of the corruption of scholarship on the Israel-Palestine conflict. Bringing to bear the latest findings on the conflict and recasting the scholarly debate, Finkelstein points to a consensus among historians and human rights organizations on the factual record. Why, then, does so much controversy swirl around the conflict? Finkelstein's answer, copiously documented, is that apologists for Israel contrive controversy. Whenever Israel comes under international pressure, another media campaign alleging a global outbreak of anti-Semitism is mounted.
8. Binge and Hangover
   Against The Current vol. 124
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2006
   The lords of empire set out to show that the United States, not Iran or any other potential rival, will rule the "new" Middle East. Unable to attack Iran directly, however, they instead employed the willing regional branch office of the U.S. military-industrial complex, the Israeli Defense Force, to destroy Lebanon. A war that began as a triumphal imperial binge has ended, at least as of August 14 if the fragile ceasefire holds, with uncertainty and a hangover. (The ceasefire's fate, following the failed Israeli commando raid in the Bekaa Valley, is uncertain as we go to press.)
9. British Policy in Palestine
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 1938
   The three principal factors in the political arena in Palestine 1in 1938 are British imperialism, the Arab nationalist movement under its present leadership and the Zionist movement.
10. Building blocks for peace in the Middle East
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2006
    The minimal demands of both sides are compatible and legitimate; the maximum demands lead to endless war.
11. Carter's Inconvenient Truths
    An Honest Man Refutes Propaganda
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2007
    The reason that Israel has been able to appropriate Palestine unto itself with American aid and support is that Israel controls the explanation of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. At least 90% of Americans, if they know anything at all of the issue, know only the Israeli propaganda line. Israel has been able to control the explanation, because the powerful Israel Lobby brands every critic of Israeli policy as an anti-semite who favors a second holocaust of the Jews.
12. The Case for Staying in Iraq
    Against The Current vol. 122
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2006
    I don't support an immediate U.S. withdrawal from Iraq, because I think it would probably make an already bad situation much worse. Of course, there's no guarantee that continuing the occupation will succeed in allowing some form of stability to take hold—particularly if our military forces simply "stay the course" of brutality evidenced in Fallujah, Abu Ghraib, and the training of Iraqi death squads. However, I believe it offers the best chance for the chaotic forces now at work in Iraq to settle, over time, into some type of a coherent nation.
13. The Charlatanism Of Palestine-Denial
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2013
    Here we go again. On Israel and the US losing their UNESCO voting rights, ‘Israel's ambassador to UNESCO, Nimrod Barkan, ‘said in an interview that his country supports the U.S. decision [to suspend contributions], "objecting to the politicization of UNESCO, or any international organization, with the accession of a non-existing country like Palestine.
14. Class Politics in Palestine
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1939
    Zionism is a factor that weakens the class struggle of the Jewish masses, and strengthens the reaction outside of Palestine as well as the reactionary forces in Palestine. Jewish immigration into Palestine, which is mainly an immigration of workers, strengthens, on the one side, the power and weight of the working class in the country, the power which, regarded historically, is the most extreme anti-imperialist factor and, cm the other hand, in so far as it is Zionist, it strengthens the exclusivist positions and the forces of imperialism in Palestine.
    
15. Connexions Annual Resource and Reading List
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1989   Published: 1994
    A short and selective list of resources on issues addressed in the Connexions Annual, such as environment, education, peace, interntional development, women's issues, urban issues, housing, human rights, civil liberties, social change.
16. Connexions Digest
    Issue 53 - January 1991- A Social Change Sourcebook
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 1991
    
17. Connexions Library: Middle East Focus
    Resource Type: Website
    First Published: 2009
    Selected articles, books, websites and other resources on the Middle East.
18. Counter-Rhetoric 
    Challenging "conventional wisdom" & reframing the conflict
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2006
    This useful little book does two things. It challenges the rhetoric, the perceptions and assumptions regarding the conflict in Israel/Palestine, and it exposes the underlying imbalance of power around which this rhetoric swirls. It is both useful as a historical guide and as a tool for countering the prevailing divisive rhetoric. Whether challenging the concepts embedded in Zionism, the wars of the mid 20th century and the later occupation, or the Wall as security argument, this book gives a systematic alternative to the prevailing mantras and begins the process of changing the viewing of the conflict.
19. Cult, Ghetto, and State
    The Persistence of Jewish Question
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1983
    Jewish studies, Maxime Rodinson says in this book, has been a field in which ideological delirium has long had virtually free rein. In this collection of essays, he tries to redress the balance, bringing his expertise to bear on Jewish problems past and present.
20. Dissonance in Zion
    Resource Type: Book
    Michael Jansen, author of The Battle of Beirut, turns in her book to examine the workings of Israeli politics. She concentrates on the increasing popularization of the ultra-right. The author highlights the role of the military in Israeli politics and examines the cultural and social background of the religious parties which exercise such pressure on the Israeli consensus.
21. Electronic Intifada
    Resource Type: Website
    Palestinian portal for information about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and its depiction in the media. News, commentary, analysis, and reference materials about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict from a Palestinian perspective.
22. The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2007
    Israelo historian Ilan Pappe recounts the ethnic cleansing of Palestinians from Israel during the war of 1948.
23. From Sykes-Picot to "Islamic State": Imperialism's Bloody Wreckage
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2014
    When the Jihadist group Islamic State (formerly known as ISIS) changed its name and declared the establishment of the Caliphate, it did so with the release of a promotional video entitled "The End of Sykes-Picot." This was a reference to the 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement that marked the end of the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of two zones of influence, British and French.
24. The Great War for Civilisation 
    The Conquest of the Middle East
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2005
    Fisk explores a number of key themes in the history of the modern Middle East: the Arab-Israeli conflict, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the Persian Gulf War as well as the 2003 Iraq War as well as other regional conflicts such as the Armenian Genocide and the Algerian Civil War.
25. A History of Modern Palestine 
    One Land, Two Peoples
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2004
    A history of the people of Palestine.
26. Hizballah Through the Fog of War
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2006
    An interview with Middle East specialist Augustus Richard Norton on the nature of the Lebanese-based Hezbollah group, in which he attempts to dispel some of the shibboleths that hamper Western understanding of its aims and design.
27. International Middle East Media Center
    Resource Type: Website
    Media center developed in collaboration between Palestinian and International journalists to provide English language media coverage of Israel-Palestine.
28. The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2007
    Mearsheimer and Walt describe the remarkable level of material and diplomatic support that the United States provides to Israel and argue that this support cannot be fully explained in either strategic or moral grounds. This exceptional relationship is due largely to the political influence of a loose coalition of individuals and organizations that actively work to shape U.S. foreign policy in a pro-Israel direction. Mearsheimer and Walt contend that the lobby has a far-reaching impact on America's posture throughout the Middle East and the policies it has encouraged are in neither America's national interest nor Israel's long-term interest.
29. Israel/Palestine: Resources for peace, justice, and human rights 
    Resource Type: Website
    First Published: 2006   Published: 2014
    A selection of resources for those looking for a solution to the situation in Isreal/Palestine based on peace, justice, and human rights.
30. The Jewish-Arab Conflict
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1938
    The conflict between the Arab masses and Zionist aspirations can only be solved to the extent that Jewish masses in Palestine renounce Zionist exclusivism.
    
31. Judaism or Zionism?
    What Difference for the Middle East?
    Resource Type: Book
    American Jewish Alternatives to Zionism (AJAZ) and the Organization for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (EAFORD) here bring together diverse and notable scholars, religious figures, and others - Jewish and Arab, American and European - to debate what, over the past century, Zionism as a political movement has done to Judaism as one of the world's oldest religious faiths.
32. Leader and Vassal
    Bringing Death and Destruction to Muslims
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2008
    Americans do not think of themselves or of Israel as terrorist states, but the evidence is complete and overwhelming. Thanks to the power of the Israel Lobby, Americans only know the Israeli side of the story, which is that evil anti-semite Palestinians will not let blameless Israelis live in peace and persist in their unjustified terror attacks on an innocent Israeli state.
    
33. Letters from Lexington
    Reflections on Propaganda
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1993
    
34. Lineages of Revolt
    Issues of Contemporary Capitalism in the Middle East
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2013
    While the outcomes of the tumultuous uprisings that continue to transfix the Arab world remain uncertain, the root causes of rebellion persist. Drawing upon extensive empirical research, Lineages of Revolt tracks the major shifts in the region’s political economy over recent decades.
35. The Lion and the Gazelle
    On Jewish History
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2008
    If we, the Israelis, want to consolidate our nation, we have to free ourselves from the myths that belong to another form of existence and re-define our national history. We must recognize the difference between myth and history, between religion and nation, between a Diaspora and a state, in order to find our place in the region in which we live and develop a normal relationship with the neighboring peoples.
    
36. Married to Another Man 
    Israel's Dilemma in Palestine
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2007
    Karmi argues that Israel has never been able to solve the original and unresolved Zionist quandary of how to create and maintain a Jewish state in a land inhabited by another people. She maintains that the problem is unsoluble and that the only solution is a single secular state in which Jews and Palestinians are equal.
37. A Marxist History of the World part 66: The Ottoman Empire and the 1908 'Young Turk' Revolution
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    Neil Faulkner looks at how the revolution that began in Turkey in 1908 initiated a process that would transform the middle east over the following two decades.
38. A Marxist History of the World part 95: Oil, Zionism, and Western Imperialism
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    British support for the Zionist movement led to the foundation of Israel in 1948. In conjunction with US imperialism, the Israeli state is an enduring source of oppression in the Middle East.
39. A Marxist History of the World part 96:1956: Hungary and Suez
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    1956 was a year of war, revolution, and disillusionment – a year after which nothing could ever be quite the same again.
40. Middle East at the Crossroads
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1946
    The events of the last few weeks (1945) in the Middle East have drawn the attention of the whole world to what is happening in this region. The terroristic acts of Zionist military organizations, the strikes and demonstrations of the Arab masses in Cairo, Alexandria, Damascus, Beirut and Baghdad against Zionism, and the concentration of British troops in Palestine has aroused numerous questions whose answer will demand an uncovering of the socio-economic roots of the tangle in which this part of the world is involved.
41. Middle East Diplomacy
    Continuities and Changes
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1991
    In October 1991 a Conference on the Middle East was held in Madrid. Chomsky compares and contrasts two perspectives on this event. The first praises President Bush's diplomacy skills and accredits this great achievement to US efforts and is the one that dominates public discussion. The other is Chomsky's own which probes such questions as why these efforts came about when they did and were they to mark a new US position.
42. Middle East Illusions
    including Peace in the Middle East? Reflections on Justice and Nationhood
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2003
    Written during the last 30 years, these pieces display many characteristics of Chomsky's thought: a deep mistrust of U.S. and Israeli intentions and a desire to change the course of history. Chomsky is erudite, and some of the points are now standard in discussion about the Middle East, such as the contradiction of Israel being both a Jewish state and a democracy.
43. The Middle East in Flames
    Against The Current vol. 124
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2006
    Andrew Kennedy and Suzi Weismann Interview Gilbert Achcar. Gilbert Achcar is the author of Eastern Cauldron and The Clash of Barbarisms, both published by Monthly Review Press.
44. No Easy Victories
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2013
    In today's "new Middle East" with its cauldron of Arab upheavals and the likelihood of longterm revolutionary processes, the United States cannot dictate terms unilaterally.
45. On Democracy As A Good
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2013
    Is democracy good in itself? Exploring the impact of democracy during and after the Arab Spring.
46. On Oil and Quicksand
    Against The Current vol. 114
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2005
    The end of 2004 finds the Middle East sliding toward an even bloodier morass, thanks in large part to imperial and colonial arrogance which has rarely been on such open display.
47. On the Irresponsible Handling of the Palestine Question
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1947
    The American and English working class must not support the Zionist drive for a Jewish State (or what, under existing conditions means the same thing, a drive for Jewish immigration and colonisation) which, while befitting imperialism, opposes the most elementary interests equally of the Arab masses as of the Jewish.
    
48. The Other Israel
    Voices of Refusal and Dissent
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2002
    A compilation of essays written by Israelis who oppose Israel's occupation of Palestine.
49. Our Generation
    Volume 18 Number 2
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 1987
    
50. Palestine Peace Not Apartheid
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2006
    Former U.S. President Carter calls Israel's treatment of Palestinians 'apartheid' and identifies continuing Israeli control of the occupied territories as the primary obstacle to peace.
51. Perceptions of Palestine
    Their Influence on U.S. Middle East Policy
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1999   Published: 2001
    Christison shows how America's singular focus on Israel and general ignorance of the Palestinian point of view, has impeded a resolution to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
52. Perspectives On Power
    Reflections on Human Nature and the Social Order
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1997
    Chomsky sets down his thoughts on topics ranging from language and human nature, to the Middle East and East Timor.
53. Powers and Prospects
    Reflections on Human Nature and the Social Order
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1996
    
54. A pro-Israel group's plan to rewrite history on Wikipedia
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2008
    Electronic Intifada exposes a secret scheme by a pro-Israel pressure group to infiltrate the popular online encyclopedia Wikipedia to rewrite Palestinian history, pass off crude propaganda as fact, and take over Wikipedia administrative structures to ensure these changes go either undetected or unchallenged.
    
55. Report from Dubai
    Against The Current vol. 131
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2007
    Dubai — This gulf emirate is shaping up into a key tourist destination. For golf, luxury hotels and high-end shopping, it is firmly established as a key player in the Middle East region. Dubai’s geographical location means it can position itself as a meeting point between east and west, a global business hub for the 21st century.
56. Stop That Shit
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2006
    Whoever longs for a solution must know: there is no solution without settling the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
57. Targeting Iran
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2007
    A critical analysis of the Bush administration's policies towards Iran.
58. Terrorism in Palestine
    Are the Terrorists Anti-Imperialist?
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1946
    Terrorist activity in Palestine has been revived on a larger scale than formerly, calling the attention of the entire press to the organisations of the Hagana, the Irgun Zvai Leumi, the Stern Gang and their activities. Socialist internationalists must answer the question: what is the character of these organisations? Are they an anti-imperialist factor in the liberatory struggles of the colonial peoples?
    
59. Top Ten Reasons East Jerusalem does not belong to Jewish-Israelis
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2010
    
60. Truth Against Truth
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2003
    Challenges the myths, conventional lies, and historical falsehoods on which most of the arguments of both Israeli and Palestinian propaganda rest. The truths of both sides are intertwined into one historical narrative that does justice to both. Without this common basis, peace is impossible.
61. War and Peace in the Middle East
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1995
    Avi Shlaim locates various sources of conflict in the Middle East, from the presence of oil, competition between the Soviet Union and the United States, to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
62. What the Media Does Not Say About the Anti-Iran Leaks
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2010
    The media is interested in one and only one subject: advancing the anti-Iran narrative that is advocated by the neoconservatives, the War Party, and the Israel lobby.
63. Why Israeli Anti-Zionists do NOT 'recognize the right of the State of Israel to exist as a Jewish state' 
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2007
    States that define themselves with reference to the domination of one ethnic group cannot claim legitimacy.
    
64. ZNet Israel-Palestine Watch
    Resource Type: Website
    Progressive Web site with extensive coverage of Israel-Palestine.

Experts on Proche-Orient Politique/Histoire in the Sources Directory

1. The Hermitage
2. League of Arab States