1. African American Folksong and American Cultural Politics: The Lawrence Gellert Story
   Resource Type: Book
   First Published: 2013
   Story of the collection of African American folk music compiled by Lawrence Gellert. Compiled between the World Wars, the recordings were adopted by the American Left as the voice of the American proletariat, or "songs of protest."
2. African-American Self-Defense 
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2015
   A review of Charles E. Cobb Jr.'s book, "This Non-violent Stuff'll Get You Killed" on the role of guns in the US civil rights movement of the 1960s.
3. Afro-American Progressive Association
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2020
   The Afro-American Progressive Association (AAPA) was one of the first Black Power organizations in Canada, and one of the liveliest.
4. Albert Woodfox, Gary Tyler
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2015
   Albert Woodfox, Gary Tyler - two examples among many of what the racist and bureaucratic "carceral state" in America is about.
5. The All-American Skin Game
   Resource Type: Book
   First Published: 1995
   Crouch firmly believes that Blacks, having catalyzed the historical struggle of Americans to realize democratic ideals, have at least as much responsibility to maintain them as other groups, and he is most successful in enunciating the importance of democratic principles. For example, Crouch effectively takes apart Afrocentrism, arguing that its advocates not only rely on poor scholarship and dubious historical interpretation in linking Blacks directly to ancient Egyptian civilization, but that even if their arguments were all true, their work scants the very real and powerful history of Black Americans.
6. American Negro Slavery (Third Edition)
   A Modern Reader
   Resource Type: Book
   First Published: 1968   Published: 1979
   Incorporating significant and at times controversial literature on questions about the institution of slavery and the social and cultural response of the slaves to their enslavement, this collection offers thirteen readings, eight of them new to this edition.
7. American Primitive in Red, Black and White: Race and Class in the U.S. 
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 1989
   The centrality of race in the formation of the American working class, its inseparability from the question of class, can be stated very succinctly: in 1848 and 1968, when working-class upsurges exploded in Europe under the slogans of "socialism" and "communism", American working-class containment in the Democratic Party was exploded by the race question. This is the key to the Americanization of Marxism.
8. The Anatomy of A Rebellion
   Against The Current vol. 84
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2000
   The first time I traveled to Los Angeles with a comrade of mine in the labor movement, I had one of those sharp educational experiences that cannot be replicated in the classroom.
9. Assata
   An Autobiography
   Resource Type: Book
   First Published: 1989
   On May 2, 1973, Black Panther Assata Shakur, aka Joanne Chesimard, lay in the hospital, close to death, handcuffed to her bed while local, state and federal police attempted to question her about the shootout on the New Jersey Turnpike that claimed the life of a white state trooper. Long a target of an FBI campaign to harass Black nationalist organizations she was incarcerated for four years prior to her conviction on flimsy evidence in 1977.
10. The Autobiography of Malcolm X 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1964   Published: 1965
    The personal story of the man who become the most dynamic leader of the Black Revolution in the United States, completed shortly before his assassination.
    
11. Before Color Prejudice: The Ancient Views of Blacks
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1991
    In this richly-illustrated account of black-white contacts from the Pharaohs to the Caesars, Frank M. Snowden demonstrates that the ancients did not discriminate against blacks because of their colour. For three thousand years Mediterranean whites intermittently came in contact with African blacks in commerce and war, and left a record of these encounters in art and in written documents. The blacks -- most commonly known as Kushites, Ethiopians, or Nubians -- were redoubtable warriors and commanded the respect of their white adversaries. The overall view of blacks was highly favourable. In science, philosophy, and religion colour was not the basis of theories concerning inferior peoples.
12. Beyond Black and White
    Transforming African-American Politics
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1995   Published: 2009
    Marable argues for a new "transformationalist" approach in which there is an emergence of a new black cultural identity which also includes all the poor and exploited in united struggle against oppression.
13. Black American Feminisms
    Resource Type: Website
    An extensive bibliography of black American Feminist thought from across the disciplines.
14. The Black Belt Communists
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    During the Great Depression, black sharecroppers and the Communist Party waged war against tenant farming in the South.
15. Black Canadians
    A Long Line of Fighters
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1975
    Discusses the roles played by black Canadians in history.
16. Black Heritage Club
    Organization profile published 1986
    Resource Type: Organization
    First Published: 1986
    Inactive/Defunct Organization
    
17. Black History and the Class Struggle
    #13
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1996
    Articles published in Workers Vanguard in 1995.
18. Black History and the Class Struggle
    #22
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    
19. Black History and the Class Struggle
    #23
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2013
    
20. Black History and the Class Struggle
    #26
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2018
    
21. Black History and the Class Struggle
    #18
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 2005
    Articles include: "A Life in the Black Panther Party — We Want Freedom — A Review of a Book by Mumia Abu-Jamal," "How the Liberals and Reformists Derailed the Struggle for Integration — For Black Liberation Through Socialist Revolution!", "The 'N' Word in Racist America."
22. Black History and the Class Struggle
    #19
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 2006
    Articles include: New Orleans: Racist Atrocity; Black Women's Narratives of Slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction; The Lyncihing of Emmett Till and the Fight for Black Liberation.
23. Black History and the Class Struggle
    #21
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2011
    
24. Black History and the Class Struggle
    #24
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2014
    
25. Black History and the Class Struggle
    #25
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2016
    
26. Black Immigrants, 'Model' Minority? Plus: Don Imus
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2008
    'Black' is a label which obscures more than it illuminates.
27. The Black Infinity Complex
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    We're a group of UCLA grad students, and our vision of the Black Infinity Complex is inspired by the boundlessness and sustainability of Black creativity and imagination. It's a collective of organizers coming together as a liaison to create a united front of existing structures of grassroots organizations and community institutions, and organizers like you, or scholars.
28. The Black Jacobins 
    Toussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1938   Published: 1963
    An account of the Haitian Revolution of 1791-1803.
29. Black Liberation and the Fight for a Socialist America
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2010
    From slavery to convict labour, from the chain gang to the assembly line, American capitalism has been built upon the lash-scarred backs of black labour. Any organization that claims a revolutionary perspective for the United States must confront the special oppression of black people and their forced segregation at the bottom of capitalist society and the poisonous racism that divides the working class and cripples its struggles.
30. Black or White? The origins of racism
    New Internationalist March 1985
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 1985
    A discussion of racism as a white problem, including articles on South Africa, New Zealand, mixed-race families and multi-culturalism. The issue looks back at the history of racism, and to the future with suggestions for anti-racist action.
31. Black Panthers and other Histories Video and Audio Recordings
    Resource Type: Website
    
32. The Black Panthers Reconsidered
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1996
    To understand the Black Panther Party, we must place it in the context of the exhaustion of the Civil Rights movement by the mid-to-late sixties.
33. Black Power in Toronto
    Connexipedia article
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2020
    History of the Black Power Movement in Toronto, in the context of the Black Power movement in North America.
34. Black Women's Narratives of Slavery, the Civil War and Reconstruction
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2005
    Anyone who has ever wondered how black people managed to struggle and survive the hideous tortures meted out during slavery and afterward would gain from reading these books. They offer inspiration to a new generation of fighters.
35. Blacks in Canada
    Resource Type: Book
    
36. Booker's Place
    A Mississippi Story
    Resource Type: Film/Video
    First Published: 2012
    In 1965, African-American waiter Booker Wright spoke out in a television documentary, outraging many white Southerners and resulting in his murder. Years later, the filmmaker's son returns to examine the repercussions of the interview on Wright's family and the community as a whole.
37. Bowling Alone
    The Collapse and Revival of American Community
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2000
    Bowling Alone documents the rise and fall of community activity in the twentieth century in the United States and the social changes this reflects. It offers all the evidence, the confirmatory and the contradictory, to give a complete look at trends of community involvement and how increased social capital can benefit everybody.
38. Challenging the Mississippi Fire Bombers
    Memories of Mississippi 1964-65
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2013
    With a firsthand account of the details and thoughtful descriptions of key people on the front lines, author Jim Dann brings the historic period, the June 1964 civil rights struggle to register as many African American voters as possible in Mississippi, back to life. He places those 15 months in Mississippi in the overall history of the struggle of African Americans for freedom, equality, and democratic rights in the South, the country, and throughout the world.
39. Class Notes 
    Posing As Politics and Other Thoughts on the American Scene
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2001
    Reed argues against the solipsistic approaches of cultural or identity politics, and in favour of class-based political interpretation and action. Class Notes moves on to tackle race relations, ethnic studies, family values, welfare reform, the so-called underclass, and black public intellectuals.
40. Class-Struggle Road to Black Freedom: Part Two
    Marxism vs. the Myth of "White Skin Privilege"
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    The victory of the socialist revolution in this country will be achieved through the united struggle of black and white workers.
41. Class-Struggle Road to Black Freedom: Part One
    The Roots of Black Oppression
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    The purpose of this talk is to motivate a Marxist materialist program for the fight for black freedom as opposed to the idealism embodied in both black nationalism and guilty white liberalism, including the concept of “white skin privilege,” which falsely substitutes individual psychology for struggle against the racial oppression rooted in the capitalist profit system. We fight for black freedom on the program of revolutionary integration including mobilizing the working class against every manifestation of racial oppression. This approach is counterposed to liberal integration, which is premised on the utopian notion that equality for black people can be attained within the confines of this class society founded on black oppression.
42. The Cold War and the Civil Rights Movement
    For Black Liberation Through Socialist Revolution!
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2010
    The mass mobilization of black people in the Southern civil rights movement, and the subsequent Northern ghetto rebellions, disrupted and challenged the racist American bourgeois order. It shattered the anti-Communist consensus and it paved the road for the mass protest movements that followed—against the U.S. dirty war in Vietnam, for the rights of women, gays, students and others.
43. Connexions
    Volume 5, Number 3 - September 1980 - Racism/Racisme
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 1980
    
44. Connexions Library: Race, Racism, Ethnicity, Multiculturalism Focus 
    Resource Type: Website
    First Published: 2009
    Selected articles, books, websites and other resources on race, racism, ethnicity, multiculturalism, identity.
45. Convict Labor in America
    Book review
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1998
    Convict labour, like antebellum slavery, was an American way of life, a cultural practice that tied northern capitalists, plantation owners, university-trained social reformers, federal officials and advocates of "good roads" together in a powerful alliance.
46. The day the Klan messed with the wrong people
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2010
    By the mid-1950's the Civil Rights Movement was gaining momentum and the KKK decided they had to fight back. James W. "Catfish" Cole, the Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan in South Carolina, made a critical mistake that couldn't be avoided by a racist mind - he was completely ignorant of the people he was about to mess with.
47. Defeat of Reconstruction and the Betrayal of Black Freedom Part One
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2014
    Reconstruction was a tumultuous, brief and extraordinary period of American history defined by an unprecedented experiment in interracial democracy. It was an era of exceptional developments, all taking place simultaneously and impacting one another.
48. Defeat of Reconstruction and the Betrayal of Black Freedom Part Two
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2014
    During Reconstruction, black people fought to assert their American-ness. Throughout the South, it was blacks and their allies who would march, parade and celebrate the Fourth of July, but not out of gross and vulgar American patriotism. Rather, it was part of a struggle to uphold the ideals of freedom and liberty that came with the Civil War and the promise of equality that came with Reconstruction.
49. Don't Let Blackwashing Save the Investor Class 
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2020
    I could care less about these memorials to slavery and empire. Good riddance. The demonstrators have reinvigorated a process of recognition and historical consciousness that is long overdue, but their chosen targets also reflect a relative powerlessness in the face of contemporary forces. The gestural politics of the moment, reflected in terms like "white skin privilege" and "post-traumatic slavery disorder" have been heartily embraced by the investor class precisely because they deflect from the actual corporate decisions that justify exploitation, rationalize obsolescence and waste, and reproduce inequality all in pursuit of profit.
50. The Education of Black People 
    Ten Critiques, 1906-1960
    Resource Type: Book
    Calls for great energy and initiative; for African Americans controlling their own lives, and for continued experimentation and innovation, while keeping education#s fundamentally radical nature in view.
    
51. False Promises 
    The Shaping of American Working Class Consciousness
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1973
    
52. Five Centuries of Imperialism and Resistance
    Vol. 8: 1492-1992
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1992
    A collection of poems and essays giving various perspectives on resistance to imperialism and capitalism.
53. For Black Liberation Through Socialist Revolution! Part Two
    How the Liberals and Reformists Derailed the Struggle for Integration
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2004
    There is a lot of talk today about multiculturalism, diversity, whiteness and "racialized subjects" and other liberal jargon that essentially attempts to erase the centrality of anti-black racism and black oppression in racist capitalist America.
54. For Black Liberation Through Socialist Revolution! Part One
    Contradictions of the Civil Rights Movement: A Marxist Analysis
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    We describe the black population in the U.S. as an oppressed race-color caste. From their arrival in this country, the Negro people have been an integral part of American class society while at the same time forcibly segregated at the bottom of this society. Thus blacks face discrimination, in different degrees, regardless of social status, wealth or class position. Blacks are today still an integral and strategic part of the working class, despite unemployment and mass incarceration.
55. Forced Passages
    Imprisoned Radical Intellectuals and the U.S. Prison Regime
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2005
    The dramatic rise and consolidation of America's prison system has devastated lives and communities, but it has also transformed prisons into sites of political discourse and resistance, as they have become home to a growing number of writers, activists, poets, educators, and others who offer radical critiques of American society both within and beyond the prison walls.
56. The Forgotten Socialist History of Martin Luther King Jr.
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2018
    King believed that a multiracial working-class movement was required to overcome the failings of capitalism.
57. Freedom Riders
    1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2006
    
58. Freedom rides
    Connexipedia Article
    Resource Type: Article
    Freedom Riders were Civil Rights activists who rode on interstate buses into the segregated southern United States.
59. Freedom Summer
    Connexipedia Article
    Resource Type: Article
    A campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African American voters as possible in Mississippi, which up to that time had almost totally excluded black voters.
60. From Ferguson to Baltimore
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    Combined with racial profiling, combined with the practice of predatory profiling and predatory policing, police departments are using parking and traffic tickets as a revenue base to increase their budget. All these bring us to a place where police violence is rampant. The more contacts you have with the police, the more possibilities you have of being subject to a violent interaction.
61. From Jenner to Dolezal: One Trans Good, the Other Not So Much 
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    As is ever clearer and ever more important to note, race politics is not an alternative to class politics; it is a class politics, the politics of the left-wing of neoliberalism. It is the expression and active agency of a political order and moral economy in which capitalist market forces are treated as unassailable nature. An integral element of that moral economy is displacement of the critique of the invidious outcomes produced by capitalist class power onto equally naturalized categories of ascriptive identity that sort us into groups supposedly defined by what we essentially are rather than what we do.
62. The Fusion of Anabaptist, Indian and African as the American Radical Tradition
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1987
    The native American radical tradition, originating ultimately in the radical religious currents who "lost" at the very dawn of capitalism, and their meeting with the non-Western peoples--Indian and African--who shaped early American culture as much as white people, might have something very unique to contribute to the current and still completely unresolved crisis of the international revolutionary left.
63. Tim Hector
    A Caribbean Radical's Story
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2006
    An account of the life of Antiguan activist Tim Hector.
64. A history of American lynchings
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2017
    A soil collection project is commemorating the forgotten victims of lynching and helping to tell their stories.
65. Home is Where the Hatred Is
    A Conversation With Isabel Wilkerson
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2011
    
66. I Am Not Your Negro
    Resource Type: Film/Video
    First Published: 2017
    I am Not your Negro explores the history of racism in the United States through James Baldwin's reminiscences of civil rights leaders Medgar Evers, Malcolm X, and Martin Luther King, Jr, as well as his personal observations of American history.
67. In Memoriam: Bobby Lee, Black Panther
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2017
    Hy Thurman remembers Bobby Lee.
68. James, C.L.R. - Writings - Index
    Resource Type: Article
    Writings of C.L.R. James (1901-1989).
69. Journey of Reconciliation
    Connexipedia Article
    Resource Type: Article
    An attempt in 1947 to challenge segregation laws on interstate buses in the Southern United States, through non-violent direct action.
70. League of Revolutionary Black Workers
    Connexipedia Article
    Resource Type: Article
    
71. Lessons of the Civil Rights Movement (Part One)
    Police Terror and Black Oppression
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    Police reform is a hoax and a hustle. Federal investigations go nowhere and the Democrats are simply the soft cops of the capitalist system. There is no road to black liberation and the liberation of all working people short of workers revolution.
72. The limits of anti-racism 
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2009
    The contemporary discourse of 'antiracism' is focused much more on taxonomy than politics. It emphasizes the name by which we should call some strains of inequality -- whether they should be broadly recognized as evidence of 'racism' -- over specifying the mechanisms that produce them or even the steps that can be taken to combat them. And, no, neither 'overcoming racism' nor 'rejecting whiteness' qualifies as such a step any more than does waiting for the 'revolution' or urging God's heavenly intervention.
73. The Lost Revolution
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2014
    A discussion of the Haitian revolution, read through the lens of Julia Gaffield's paper on the lost and found Haitian Declaration of Independence.
74. The Making of Jericho Road
    Against The Current vol. 132
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2008
    An interview with Michael Honey. The paperback edition of Michael Honey’s Going Down Jericho Road: The Memphis Strike, Martin Luther King’s Last Campaign is released this January 2008.
75. Malcolm X Research Site
    Resource Type: Website
    A comprehensive website on the life and legacy of Malcolm X , with text, film, video, graphics and more, plus a large listing of African American scholars on the left, with links to their sites and works.
76. May Day & SDS & SNCC Jubilee
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2010
    Class consciousness is the knowledge that emancipation is ours. Class struggle is the fight for it, the fight to be a class, and then the fight to abolish the class system. It is not economistic; it is historical. It was concrete not abstract. It was expressed in real voices, voices of the past and voices of the present. The skill is in the listening.
77. Moral Appeals Aren't Enough
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    The wonderful thing about Black Lives Matter is that they're saying you cannot use moral suasion to win this. You've got to disrupt, and make sure that things don't work in order to make the demand for change.
78. The Movement Has a History
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    I was born in the '70s in East Oakland. All of our parents are Panthers, or Black Power organizers, or organizers. We come out politicized.
79. Nader, Greens and Socialists
    Against The Current vol. 91
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2001
    Blaming Ralph Nader for Bush is like blaming the abolitionists for slavery. The Greens ran Nader to end corporate oligarchy, not to support one wing of the oligarchy as a lesser evil against the other wing. Nevertheless, the Democrats, their liberal satellite organizations, and the corporate media are playing the blame game for all it is worth.
80. Negroes in the Civil War
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1943
    The struggle of the Negro masses derives its peculiar intensity from the simple fact that what they are struggling for is not abstract but is always perfectly visible around them. In their instinctive revolutionary efforts for freedom, the escaping slaves had helped powerfully to begin and now those who remained behind had helped powerfully to conclude, the self-destructive course of the slave power.
    
81. Negroes with guns
    Resource Type: Unclassified
    First Published: 1965
    First published in 1962, Negroes with Guns is the story of a southern black community's struggle to arm itself in self-defense against the Ku Klux Klan and other racist groups.
82. The 1960 Sit-ins in Context
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2010
    The Civil Rights Movement that we associate with the 1960s was the culmination of a vast set of social and economic changes. The tradition of Black struggle itself, going back to the very beginnings of slavery in the New World, was also part of the context for the new movement.
83. Obama and "I Have a Dream" in 2008
    Against The Current vol. 132
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2008
    As we enter the 2008 presidential election, it is noteworthy that Illinois Senator Barack Obama is still a serious contender for the Democratic Party nomination. I say “noteworthy” because his campaign has been marked throughout with ambivalence among many African Americans.
84. On Roediger's Wages of Whiteness
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2002
    An extended discussion and critique of David Roediger's book Wages of Whiteness. Allen writes: "David Roediger's Wages of Whiteness, because of its almost universal acceptance for use in colleges and universities, has served as the single most effective instrument in the socially necessary consciousness-raising function of objectifying 'whiteness,' and in popularizing the 'race-as-a-social-construct' thesis. As one who has been the beneficiary of kind supportive comments from him for my own efforts in this field of historical investigation, I undertake this critical essay with no other purpose than furthering the our common aim of the disestablishment of white identity, and the overthrow of white supremacism in general."
85. 150 Years Since the Emancipation Proclamation
    Finish the Civil War!
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2013
    The Emancipation Proclamation was a pledge, a promise. It only freed slaves in areas that were not yet controlled by Union armies, true enough. But in that sense it was like the Declaration of Independence in 1776, which didn’t make any of the colonies free—it took a victorious war to free the colonies from British rule. The Emancipation Proclamation bound the defense of the Union to the destruction of slavery.
86. Other Voices: The Connexions Newsletter - September 10, 2015
    Labour Day issue
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 2015
    Labour Day issue, with articles examining the relentless pressure put on workers to work ever longer hours, at the cost of their health and family life; anti-worker legislation, Zapatista popular education, and the Greek crisis.
87. Other Voices: The Connexions Newsletter - February 20, 2016
    Connexions Enters Its Fifth Decade
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 2016
    This issue of Connexions Other Voices falls on the 40th anniversary of the publication of the very first Connexions newsletter, which was published in February 1976. That first issue carried the title "Canadian Information Sharing Service", which was also the name of the collective which compiled it, from submissions from across Canada. Within a couple of years, the name of the publication became "Connexions" and then, a little later, "The Connexions Digest".
    In addition to our own history, in this issue we spotlight black history as our topic of the week. We look at the Haitian revolution, when slaves confronted the French empire and won; black resistance against the Ku Klux Klan in the American South, and the meaning and limits of anti-racism. We also look at the Kurdish liberation movement in Rojava, the dangers posed by geoengineering, and we mark the publication of the Communist Manifesto on February 21, 1848.
88. Our Movement Is Global
    an interview with Alice Ragland
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    Against the Current interviewed Alice Ragland, who has been central to organizing Black youth in Cleveland against the police murder of Tamir Rice, the 12-year old shot to death two seconds after the police arrived at the park where Rice was playing with a toy gun.
89. Passionate Declarations
    Essays on War and Justice
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1990   Published: 2003
    Essays looking at American political ideology.
90. A People's History of the United States 
    1492 - Present
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1995   Published: 2003
    Zinn's history includes those most ignored by typical American textbook history, including Indians, blacks, women and workers.
    
91. Race & Class: Obama & the Politics of Protest
    Against The Current vol. 146
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2010
    Consider the following contradiction of modern African-American politics: We have the first African-American president (he checked “Black” on the new census form) offering hope to millions of working-class Blacks. Yet we see a drawdown of protest politics by longtime civil rights leaders, even though the “Great Recession” is causing the greatest harm Black communities have seen in decades.
92. Race and Class: Brown v. Board of Education 50 Years Later
    Against The Current vol. 111
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2004
    I found the headline of the May 17 Business Week article on the 50th anniversary of the famous Brown v. Board of Education landmark Supreme Court ruling, that "separate but equal" schools were unconstitutional, most revealing. "A Bittersweet Birthday," it said, declaring "Decades of progress on integration have been followed by disturbing slippage."
93. Race and Class in Civil War Mississippi
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2009
    The poor whites of Mississippi who fought the Confederacy alongside slaves did so because of working class values that they shared with slaves. The fact that poor whites may have believed some racist lies about blacks that constituted the dominant ideas of the day is not nearly as important or significant as the fact that their working class values led them to ally with slaves to fight the racist ruling class. Racism came from the upper class, and anti-racism came from the working class -- black and white.
94. Race and Class: The Wealth Gap
    Against The Current vol. 88
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2000
    Politicians and government officials point to the historic low unemployment level in the Black community as signs of a strong economy and a future where whites and African Americans will finally have an opportunity for an equal share of the American dream. While it is true that long-term unemployment for the African-American population is in the single digits for the first time, the wealth gap between white and Black families continues to widen. According to government statistics Black households' wealth average one-twelfth that of white households.
95. Race and Class: What the Jena 6 Case Shows
    Against The Current vol. 131
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2007
    Some 50,000 people converged on the small Louisiana town of Jena on September 20. The protest shook up not only the two-stoplight town but sent a loud siren across the country. The 85% white population had never seen anything like this — a Black-led protest against modern-day racism.
96. Randolph, A. Philip
    Connexipedia Article
    Resource Type: Article
    African-American civil rights leader. (1889-1979).
97. Recovering Forgotten Voices
    Against The Current vol. 132
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2008
    A lover of American literature will come away from reading Alan Wald’s Trinity of Passion: The Literary Left and the Antifascist Crusade excited about the prospect of investigating a long list of currently unheralded writers who collectively constitute a voice that deserves to be recognized as major.
98. Religion and the Rise of Labor and Black Detroit
    Against The Current vol. 134
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2008
    Historians and other scholars have given Detroit plentiful attention, including some very important books, yet in this vital new study Angela Dillard manages to approach the Motor City’s past in several crucial yet previously neglected ways. What’s most valuable about the book is her attempt to encompass such subjects as race, labor radicalism, Black religion and the civil rights movement all in one narrative.
99. The Retrograde Quest for Symbolic Prophets of Black Liberation
    Moving beyond the Moses Complex
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2021
    One little-examined legacy of the broader intellectual embrace of race-reductive thinking is something we might call the Quest for Moses(es)—the shorthand branding exercise of privileging the content of individual characters in our debates on racial injustice. We see this tendency in much of today’s wokeness-inflected discourse, which leans heavily on appealing to the authority individuals considered to be exemplary, from differing times or historical contexts, in lieu of empirical arguments to support assertions concerning how we should understand racial injustice.
100. Reverend Wright and Black Liberation Theology
     Against The Current vol. 134
     Resource Type: Article
     First Published: 2008
     The groundswell of broad support for Barack Obama (both among Blacks and whites) is a phenomenon that deserves a serious analysis and understanding. It cannot be down played by passing it through the lens of pure-and-simple lesser-evilism.
101. Revisiting 'Black Power,' Race and Class
     Resource Type: Article
     First Published: 1967
     There is no such suprahistorical abstraction as racism. In each historical period it was something different. It was one thing during slavery, another during Reconstruction, and quite something else today. To further insist that "Whatever their political persuasion," "All Whites" are "part of the collective white America" so that the U.S. has "180 million racists" is to blur the class line which cuts across the race divisions as well as to muffle the philosophy of total freedom which has created a second America.
102. The Revolutionary Answer to the Negro Problem in the USA
     Resource Type: Article
     First Published: 1948
     The impetus of the Negro movement toward the revolutionary forces, which we have traced in the past, is stronger today than ever before.
     
103. The Right of Self-Determination and the Negro in the United States of North Americas
     Resource Type: Article
     First Published: 1939
     
104. Seeds of Fire 
     A People's Chronology
     Resource Type: Article
     First Published: 2012   Published: 2017
     Recalling events that happened on this day in history. Memories of struggle, resistance and persistence.
105. The Seminole-African Alliance
     World News Trust
     Resource Type: Article
     First Published: 2014
     The Native American Indian people that comprised the Seminole Nation grew out of the Creek Nation in Florida. Multilingual and diverse, the Seminoles (from a word meaning “runaway”) became infamous for intermingling with runaway slaves from Georgia and the Carolinas… slaves that built prosperous, free, self-governing communities since 1738.
106. Seven News
     Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
     First Published: 1970
     Seven News (7 News) was a community newspaper published in the area of Toronto east of downtown which at the time was known as Ward 7. Seven News was published from 1970 to 1985. Seven News is no longer publishing, but all issues of the paper have been scanned and are available on the Connexions website.
     Ward 7 covered the area of Toronto east of downtown, from Sherbourne Street to Logan Avenue, south of Bloor-Danforth, including Don Vale, Cabbagetown, Regent Park, Riverdale, St. Jamestown.
107. Slavery by Another Name
     The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II
     Resource Type: Book
     First Published: 2008
     An account of how African Americans were forcibly enslaved by a corrupt legal system in the southern States, from the end of the Civil War through WWII.
108. SNCC
     The New Abolitionists
     Resource Type: Book
     First Published: 1964   Published: 1965
     An account of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
109. SNCC at 50
     Resource Type: Article
     First Published: 2010
     The fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) is vitally important not just for learning and understanding the past but, more importantly, for imagining and working for a more righteous future.
110. SNCC: Same Lesson, 50 Years On
     Power Yields Nothing Without Demand
     Resource Type: Article
     First Published: 2010
     The SNCC lesson is that power yields nothing without demand and the guts to back it up.
111. SNCC's 50-Year Legacy
     Resource Type: Article
     First Published: 2010
     Celebrating SNCC's legacy.
112. Some Black Women
     Resource Type: Film/Video
     
113. Stanley Crouch, Neocon or Ellisonian?
     Resource Type: Article
     First Published: 1997
     Crouch clearly feels isolated within progressive circles, but it is the Left that most desperately needs to retain the message about building a cohesive democratic society. With that instinct for improvisation and bricolage which Crouch and his gurus most admire about Americans, we must read Crouch closely and adapt whatever points in his work we find correct and useful.
114. Staying Power: The history of black people in Britain
     Resource Type: Book
     First Published: 2010
     Peter Fryer reveals how Africans, Asians and their descendants, previously hidden from history, have profoundly influenced and shaped events in Britain over the course of the last two thousand years.
115. Still Got the News
     Against The Current vol. 84
     Resource Type: Article
     First Published: 2000
     As a student activist at the University of Michigan in the middle and late 1980s, I was part of a coalition of activists who planned and carried out a democratic takeover of our school's newspaper, The Michigan Daily.
116. Thieving Sons of Bushes
     Against The Current vol. 91
     Resource Type: Article
     First Published: 2001
     “Never Trust a Son of Bush” was one of many signs at George W. Bush's presidential inauguration in Washington, D.C. on January 20. Some 25,000 marched in Washington and 15,000 rallied in San Francisco. The D.C. protest was the largest one at a presidential inauguration since 1973 -- at President Nixon's second term.
117. This Nonviolent Stuff'll Get You Killed 
     How Guns Made the Civil Rights Movement Possible
     Resource Type: Book
     First Published: 2014
     Charles Cobb, a veteran civil rights activist who served as a field secretary for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in the American South, unfolds a powerful narrative about Southern grass-roots black individuals and groups who played essential roles in African-American resistance. He reveals how they acted to protect black people and their allies throughout the ages with the careful use of violent self-defense methods.
118. Turner, Nat
     Connexipedia Article
     Resource Type: Article
     American slave who led a slave rebellion in 1831. (1800-1831).
119. UC Berkeley Library Social Activism Sound Recording Project: The Black Panther Party
     Resource Type: Audio
     The UC Berkeley Social Activism Sound Recording Project is a partnership between the UC Berkeley Library, the Pacifica Foundation, and other private and institutional sources. The intent of the project is to gather, catalog, and make accessible primary source media resources related to social activism and activist movements in California in the 1960's and 1970's.
120. The Untold Story of the Black Radical Tradition in Canada
     Resource Type: Article
     First Published: 2016
     Looking back on the development of Black radical organizations in Canada.
121. The Warmth of Other Suns
     The Epic Story of America's Great Migration
     Resource Type: Book
     First Published: 2010
     Wilkerson chronicles the decades-long migration of black citizens who fled the South for northern and western cities, in search of a better life. From 1915 to 1970, this exodus of almost six million people changed the face of the United States.
122. What is the Left?
     Resource Type: Article
     Stephens argues that class struggle is central to overcoming oppression.
123. What You Don't Know About Abolitionism: An Interview with Manisha Sinha on Her Groundbreaking Study
     Resource Type: Article
     First Published: 2018
     Manisha Sinha draws attention to the role of Black abolitionists in ending slavery in the USA in her book: The Slave's Cause: A History of Abolition.
124. Why Black Lives Matter Is Game Change
     Resource Type: Article
     First Published: 2015
     The Cleveland Black Lives Matter Convening was a "game changer" because it made clear the Movement is long term. Whether its next step will add a call for a break with the two-party system, time and struggle will tell.
125. Why the Newberry Library Is Collecting Black Lives Matter Artifacts
     Resource Type: Article
     First Published: 2016
     Archivists hope to crowdsource historical documentation of today's civil-rights movements.
126. Women Stand Up, Fight Back
     Against The Current vol. 133
     Resource Type: Article
     First Published: 2008
     What would it mean to truly end gender-and-race-based violence? How can radicals acknowledge the totalizing violence of white supremacy while also accounting for the very diverse, and sometimes conflicting, experiences and survival strategies of Arab, Asian, Native, Latina and Black women?
127. 'Worse than Slavery': Parchman Farm and the Ordeal of Jim Crow Justice
     Resource Type: Book
     First Published: 1997
     After the abolition of slavery the white rulers of Mississippi developed a new system for keeping the ex-slaves in line: laws were passed to maintain white supremacy, including the system of convict leasing, a system whereby people could "hire" prisoners for physical labour outside the walls of prison.
128. The Writings of David Roediger
     Resource Type: Article
     First Published: 1997
     Roediger criticizes Marxists for too often reducing racial discrimination to conflicts over resources, such as jobs or housing, that are manipulated by a society's upper classes in order to divert attention from the real sources of inequality. Such a focus, he argues, ignores the manner in which race and racial consciousness is integrally tied to class formation and working-class consciousness.

Experts on L'histoire et identit‚ noire in the Sources Directory

1. Canadian Encyclopedia
2. National Archives of the United States