1. Age of Extremes 
   The Short Twentieth Century 1914 - 1991
   Resource Type: Book
   First Published: 1994   Published: 1997
   A overview of the history of the years 1914 - 1991.
2. The Anarchist Collectives
   Workers' Self-Management in the Spanish Revolution 1936-1939
   Resource Type: Book
   First Published: 1974
   Examines the experiments in workers' self-management, both urban and rural, which took place in Spain during the revolution and Civil War.
3. The brief summer of anarchy: the life and death of Durruti
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2016
   Hans Magnus Enzensberger’s non-fiction "adventure novel" about Buenaventura Durruti and the Spanish anarchist movement (ca. 1917-1937), first published in Germany in 1972, consisting of a more or less chronological “collage” of "translated, abridged and rearranged" excerpts from "reports and speeches, interviews and proclamations … letters, travel narratives, anecdotes, pamphlets, polemics, newspaper articles, autobiographical texts, flyers and propaganda leaflets" (including extensive selections from the eyewitness accounts of Simone Weil, Ilya Ehrenburg, H. E. Kaminski, Mikhail Koltsov, Ricardo Sanz and Jesús Arnal Pena), punctuated by the author's "Commentaries".
4. Catch your dreams - utopia is possible!
   While Marinaleda has its flaws, it reminds us that alternative economic models are not only possible, they already exist.
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2014
   Amid Spain's general depression, Marinaleda - an Andalucian town sometimes dubbed the 'communist utopia' - is bucking the moribund trend with a heady mixture of direct action, community-level democracy, cooperation and mutual aid.
5. The challenge of Podemos
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2015
   The emergence of so-called populist parties as a response to increasingly discredited political elites is a European-wide phenomenon. In most cases these parties have emerged on the right, if not the far-right. Not so in the Spanish state where Podemos, after barely ten months in existence, appears to be undermining the whole political set up in place since the end of the Franco dictatorship in the late 1970s.
6. A Classic Study Revisited
   Against The Current vol. 143
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2009
   Pierre Broué (1926-2005) was one of the few Trotskyist historians who carved out a niche in academia, though this career choice had to overcome many obstacles. Coming of age at a time in France when the historical profession mostly consisted of either conservative anti-communists or historians closely linked to the milieu of the hard-line French Communist Party, Broué, a long-time member of the Lambertiste current within French Trotskyism (until his expulsion in 1989), from early on had to learn to fight on his own.
7. Collectives in Spain
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 1938   Published: 1945
   A contemporary account of the Spanish Anarchist movements during the 1930's by Gaston Leval, a prominent anarcho-syndicalist. Attention focuses on the roles of "agrarian socialism" and education in the revolution.
8. Collectives in the Spanish Revolution
   Resource Type: Book
   First Published: 1971   Published: 1975
   An account of the collectives set up in Spain during the struggle against Franco.
9. The Complete Works of Rosa Luxemburg, Volume I 
   Economic Writings 1
   Resource Type: Book
   First Published: 2013
   This first volume in Rosa Luxemburg's Complete Works, entitled Economic Writings 1, contains some of Luxemburg's most important statements on the globalization of capital, wage labour, imperialism, and pre-capitalist economic formations.
10. Connexions Library: Europe Focus
    Resource Type: Website
    First Published: 2009
    Selected articles, books, websites and other resources on Europe.
11. Cooperation at Work
    The Mondragon Experience
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1983
    A guide to work co-operatives, based on the experience of the Mondragon group of co-operatives in Spain.
12. Embassy Row Online
    Resource Type: Website
    Contact names and numbers for all embassies to Canada and all Canadian embassies abroad.
13. 'Enough is enough!' Corruptopolis board game satirizes sleazy Spanish politicians
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2014
    A Spanish student has created a new board game, Corruptopolis, satirizing the corrupt practices of Spain's economic and political elite. In Corruptopolis, players work in teams to answer questions about major corruption scandals to have rocked Spain over the years.
14. Fascism Shall Not Pass
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1936
    On all fronts communists, anarchists, socialists and republicans are fighting shoulder to shoulder. We have also been joined by non-party people from town and country, because they too have realized what a victory for fascism would mean to Spain.
15. The Historical Failure of Anarchism 
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1996
    Day examines anarchism's failure to genuinely critique itself, understand history or theory, and grasp the conditions in the world today. "Anti-capitalism doesn't do the victims of capitalism any good if you don't actually destroy capitalism," Day writes. 'Anti-statism' doesn't do the victims of the state any good if you don't actually smash the state. Anarchism has been very good at putting forth visions of a free society and that is for the good. But it is worthless if we don't develop an actual strategy for realizing those visions.
16. Hollowing out democracy and law
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2017
    The recent actions of the Catalan government are not those of politicians respecting democracy. The reaction of the Madrid government, which criminalize political dissent, are equally disturbing.
17. Homage to Catalonia 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1938
    George Orwell's account of his experiences in the Spanish Civil War.
18. In Spain they are all indignados nowadays
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2013
    The indignado protests that flared up two years ago have become a Spanish state of mind.
19. Inside 15M: 48h with the indignants
    Resource Type: Film/Video
    First Published: 2011
    
20. Lost children of Francoism
    Connexipedia article
    Resource Type: Article
    The lost children of Francoism were the children abducted from Republican parents, who were either in jail or had been assassinated by Francoist troops, during the Spanish Civil War and Francoist Spain. The number of abducted children is estimated to be up to 300,000. The kidnapped children were sometimes also victims of child trafficking and illegal adoption.
21. The March 29 Strike Against Labor Law Reform in Spain
    Outline of the Conjuncture
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    The general strike of March 29, although it mobilized a good part of the population, apparently took place with more pain than glory. Once the day of the strike was over, everything seemed to continue as before: namely, the continuation of an aggressive policy against the wage-labor population, in an economic context characterized by recession.
22. Marx and Engels Collected Works Volume 13
    Marx and Engels 1854 - 1855
    Resource Type: Book
    Includes Revolutionary Spain
23. Marx and Engels Collected Works Volume 23
    Marx and Engels 1871 - 1874
    Resource Type: Book
    Articles on the International, Bakunin, and the Housing Question.
24. A Marxist History of the World part 86: The Spanish Civil War
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    In 1936, after General Franco had led an unsuccessful coup against a democratically elected government, revolution swept across Spain. Neil Faulkner explains why the workers were ultimately defeated.
25. The No-Nonsense Guide to Terrorism
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2003
    An in-depth look at the nature of terrorism that discusses questioning terrorism, assessing it, the difference between state terrorism and group terrorism, morality and history, and war and politics.
26. "No one represents us": the 15 May movement in the Spanish state
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2011
    On 15 May 2011 thousands of people, mainly young, demonstrated all over the Spanish state under the slogans "For real democracy now" and "We are not commodities in the hands of politicians and bankers". The demonstrations explicitly rejected the participation of political parties or trade unions.
27. Not by Bread Alone
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2017
    Anarchists in the Spanish Civil War focused on people's daily needs--who doesn't love hot, buttered toast? People in Spain were starving--they needed food. People--were homeless and needed homes; people were jobless and needed something to do; people were rejected from their communities needed to be included. Anarchists focused on these practical, attainable and above all human needs. And, these are the basic rights that should undergird all human social organizations.
28. The November 2011 General Elections in Spain: Indignation Trapped in the Ballot Box
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    The “outrage” expressed in the Spanish streets, deflated after the electoral ritual, is confronted with the limitations of the movement’s citizen-based abstractions (electoral reform, the affirmation of democracy, denouncing corruption, etc.) when confronted with the reality ( labor reform, social cuts) imposed by capital and its democratically elected administrators. Or, perhaps, indignation has completed its cycle and we are at the beginning.
29. On Catalonia: Debates in the Greek Left
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2017
    Without the burden of self-censorship or "political correctness" on our backs, let us examine what the possible secession of Catalonia actually means and where it could potentially lead.
30. Open Veins of Latin America 
    Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1971   Published: 1973
    A political economy, a social and cultural narrative, and a powerful description of primitive capital accumulation.
31. Other Voices: The Connexions Newsletter - November 13, 2014
    Libertarian Socialism
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 2014
    The topic of the week is Libertarian Socialism. Articles on no-state solutions in Kurdistan; right-wing dirty tricks used to attack labour and environmental groups; scientists unravelling the risks of new pesticides; the terrors faced by fishermen in Gaza; and bringing books and seeking peace in Colombia. Film of the week is Even the Rain, and book of the week is Adolph Reed's Class Notes.
32. Our Generation
    Volume 10 Number 1
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 1974
    
33. Our Generation
    Volume 17 Number 2
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 1986
    
34. Our Generation
    Volume 18 Number 1
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 1986
    
35. Pamplona's locksmiths join revolt as banks throw families from their homes
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2013
    In the years of the housing boom, Spain's banks offered 100% mortgages. Now, while receiving millions in public aid, they are throwing people out of their homes. But there's a rebellion under way.
36. Podemos, Catalonia and the workers' movement in the Spanish state
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2017
    Following a long period of electoral upheaval and failure of the left, it is argued that the two key areas where the Spanish ruling class could have been confronted was through the workers' movement and the pro-independence movement in Catalonia, both of which were not sufficiently addressed by the Podemos campaign.
37. The Politics of Urban Liberation
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1978
    A broad-ranging study which covers the political economy of the urban question and the importance of the city in the history of social revolution. Schechter's evaluation of libertarian insurgency highlights the importance of movements from below dealing with housing, transportation and other issues of daily life.
38. Popular Front (Spain)
    Connexipedia Article
    Resource Type: Article
    
39. POUM - Partido Obrero Unificacion Marxista
    Connexipedia Article
    Resource Type: Article
    
40. Reassessing Podemos
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2016
    Podemos has come an immense distance in a very short time. It represents a clear choice by millions of people in the Spanish state to vote against corruption, institutionalised greed and contempt for voters, but also against austerity. As such, it weakens the ruling class in the Spanish state and strengthens the anti-austerity side in Europe. The success of Podemos in December is a cause for celebration and a source for lessons and parallels.
41. Red City, Blue Period
    Social Movements in Picasso's Barcelona
    Resource Type: Book
    
42. Reflections for the US Occupy Movement
    From Barcelona's Neighborhood Assemblies
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2011
    The deeper a struggle’s historical roots, the greater its collective knowledge.
43. Report from Spain: On the May 15th Movement
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2011
    A brief account of the culmination of the “May 15th movement” in Barcelona in 2011.
44. Revolutionary Spain
    Articles by Karl Marx in the New-York Herald Tribune
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1854
    The series of articles Revolutionary Spain was written by Marx for the New-York Daily Tribune between August and November 1854. Marx observed all the symptoms of the revolutionary movement in Europe and paid much attention to the revolutionary events in the summer of 1854 in Spain. He held that the revolutionary struggle there could provide a stimulus for the development of the revolutionary movement in other European countries.
45. Rooted in the neighbourhood: what happened to Spain's assemblies?
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    Oscar Reyes reports on the successes and setbacks of neighbourhood assemblies in Spain.
46. '68: The Year of the Barricades 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1988
    Caute's book looks at the explosive year 1968 (while situating it in the context of what had led up to it). One of the great strengths of this excellent book is that it looks at what was happening around the world.
47. The Socialist Register 1966
    Volume 3: A Survey of Movements & Ideas
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 1966
    
48. The Socialist Register 1979
    Volume 16: A Survey of Movements & Ideas
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 1979
    A series of essays on the state of the global economy.
49. Spain: Madrid and Barcelona show -- the greater the unity on the left, the bigger the win
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    Once the results of Spain’s May 24, 2015, local and regional elections became known the main lesson for the anti-austerity and anti-capitalist left was simply and starkly obvious: the more united and more involving of ordinary people its election campaigns were, the greater its gains and the greater the losses for the Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE) -- its main rival for the popular and working-class vote -- and for the ruling conservative People's Party (PP).
50. Spain on Edge
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    An interview with Podemos spokesperson Pablo Iglesias.
51. SPAIN: Women's Crises
    Against The Current vol. 151
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2011
    Over the past three years there have been numerous debates within the Spanish political and social left about the impact of the current economic crisis on working people, and the (in)efficacy of the measures the government adopted to ameliorate them. There has not been much talk, however, about the specific consequences that both the crisis and governmental response have had on women.
52. Spain's communist model village
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2013
    Marinaleda, in impoverished Andalusia, used to suffer terrible hardships. Led by a charismatic mayor, the village declared itself a communist utopia and took farmland to provide for everyone. Could it be the answer to modern capitalism's failings?
53. The Spanish Holocaust: Inquisition and Extermination in Twentieth-Century Spain
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2012
    Paul Preston charts how and why Franco and his supporters set out to eliminate all ‘those who do not think as we do’ – some 200,000 men, women and children across Spain.
54. Special Report: Truth, Justice and Reconciliation
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2014
    An examination of how countries around the world affected by civil war or internal conflict have approached justice.
55. Stolen Continents
    The "New World" Through Indian Eyes
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1992
    A history of the Americas through Native eyes.
56. Ubu Saved From Drowning
    Class Struggle and Statist Containment in Portugal and Spain, 1974-1977
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2000
    The end of the Salazar and Franco regimes on the Iberian peninsula was, in fact, a key moment in the beginning of a period in which literally dozens of dictatorships disappeared, a period in which the soft cop took over from the tough cop, and democracy, world-wide, sold austerity.
57. What is Going On in Spain?
    The End of an Era and the Beginning of Podemos
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    Something is happening in Spain. A party that did not exist one year ago, Podemos, with a clear left-wing program, would win a sufficient number of votes to gain a majority in Spanish Parliament if an election were held today.
58. What is Happening in Catalonia and Spain?
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2017
    Vincente Navarro explains the historcal background to the Catalonian independence referendum results in 2017, and notes the political challenges this movement will face.
59. What is Happening in Spain?
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2019
    Spain spends much less on public social expenditures that what it should spend according to its level of economic development. It is one of the countries of the European Union 15 (the more advanced economies of the European Union) that spends the least on public services such as health care, education, public housing and child care, and on transfers, such as pensions.
60. When Will We See Tanks in Barcelona?
    Against The Current vol. 161
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    The current situation in Spain regarding an independent Catelonia.

Experts on Spanien in the Sources Directory

1. European Union
2. Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
3. Museo Nacional del Prado
4. NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
5. United Nations