Marx, Karl
Recommended Author Index

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  1. Address of the International Working Men's Association to Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1865
    The workingmen of Europe feel sure that, as the American War of Independence initiated a new era of ascendancy for the middle class, so the American Antislavery War will do for the working classes. They consider it an earnest of the epoch to come that it fell to the lot of Abraham Lincoln, the single-minded son of the working class, to lead his country through the matchless struggle for the rescue of an enchained race and the reconstruction of a social world.
  2. Anti-Church Movement Demonstration in Hyde Park
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1855
  3. Antithesis of Capital and Labour. Landed Property and Capital
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1844
  4. Articles by Karl Marx in the New York Daily Tribune
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1852   Published: 1861
    In the early 1850's, Karl Marx (and Frederick Engels, though to a lesser extent) wrote a quantity of journalist news summaries about events in Europe for the New-York Daily Tribune. These articles were often reprinted in other papers: see Semi-Weekly Tribune, The Free Press, Das Volk, The People's Paper, Die Reform and Others.
  5. The British Rule in India
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1853
    England has broken down the entire framework of Indian society, without any symptoms of reconstitution yet appearing. This loss of his old world, with no gain of a new one, imparts a particular kind of melancholy to the present misery of the Hindoo, and separates Hindostan, ruled by Britain, from all its ancient traditions, and from the whole of its past history.
  6. Das Capital, Volume 1 
    A Critical Analysis of Capitalist Production
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1867   Published: 1890
    Marx's great work sets out to grasp and portray the totality of the capitalist mode of production, and the bourgeois society that emerges from it. He describes and connects all its economic features, together with its legal, political, religious, artistic, philosophical and ideological manifestations.
  7. Das Capital, Volume 2
    The Process of Circulation of Capital
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1893   Published: 1956
  8. Das Capital, Volume 3
    The Process of Capitalist Production as a Whole
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1894   Published: 1971
  9. The Civil War in France 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1871
    Written by Karl Marx as an address to the General Council of the International, with the aim of distributing to workers of all countries a clear understanding of the character and world-wide significance of the heroic struggle of the Paris Communards of 1871 and their historical experience to learn from.
  10. The Class Struggles in France, 1848 to 1850
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1850
    Originally a series of articles written between January and October 1850 specially for the Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Politisch-ökonomische Revue and published in it under the general title "1848-1849."
  11. Comments on The Latest Prussian Censorship Instruction
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1842
    The real, radical cure for the censorship would be its abolition; for the institution itself is a bad one, and institutions are more powerful than people.
  12. Conspectus of Bakunin's Statism and Anarchy
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1874   Published: 1875
    Marx's notes on Bakunin's recent book Statism and Anarchy.
  13. Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1844
    The struggle against religion is, therefore, indirectly the struggle against that world whose spiritual aroma is religion.
    Religious suffering is, at one and the same time, the expression of real suffering and a protest against real suffering. Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people.
    The abolition of religion as the illusory happiness of the people is the demand for their real happiness. To call on them to give up their illusions about their condition is to call on them to give up a condition that requires illusions. The criticism of religion is, therefore, in embryo, the criticism of that vale of tears of which religion is the halo.
    Criticism has plucked the imaginary flowers on the chain not in order that man shall continue to bear that chain without fantasy or consolation, but so that he shall throw off the chain and pluck the living flower. The criticism of religion disillusions man, so that he will think, act, and fashion his reality like a man who has discarded his illusions and regained his senses
  14. A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1859
  15. Critique of Hegel's Philosophy in General
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1844
  16. Critique of the Gotha Programme 
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1875
    Karl Marx's criticisms of the programme adopted by congress to unite the two German socialist parties in 1875.
  17. Debates on the Law on Thefts of Wood
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1842
    A deputy from the knightly estate mentioned that in the neighbourhood of Cleve many wood thefts took place merely in order to secure arrest and prison fare. Does not this deputy from the knightly estate prove precisely what he wants to refute, namely, that people are driven to steal wood by the sheer necessity of saving themselves from starvation and homelessness? Is this terrible need an aggravating circumstance?
  18. The Divorce Bill
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1842
    In regard to marriage, the legislator can only establish when it is permissible to dissolve it, that is to say, when in its essence it is already dissolved. Juridical dissolution of marriage can only be the registering of its internal dissolution.
  19. The East India Company - Its History and Results
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1853
    Thus the British Government has been fighting, under the Company's name, for two centuries, till at last the natural limits of India were reached. We understand now, why during ail this time all parties in England have connived in silence, even those which had resolved to become the loudest with their hypocritical peace-cant, after the arrondissement of the one Indian Empire should have been completed. Firstly, of course, they had to get it, in order to subject it afterward to their sharp philanthropy.
  20. Economic & Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1844
    A series of notes written between April and August 1844 by Karl Marx. Not published by Marx during his lifetime, they were first released in 1927. The notebooks are an early expression of Marx's analysis of economics, chiefly Adam Smith, and critique of the philosophy of G. W. F. Hegel. The notebooks cover a wide range of topics including private property, communism, and money. Because the 1844 manuscripts show Marx's thought at the time of its early genesis, their publication, in English not until 1959,[2] has profoundly affected recent scholarship on Marx and Marxism.
  21. The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1852
    Marx wrote The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon between December 1851 and March 1852. The "Eighteenth Brumaire" refers to November 9, 1799 in the French Revolutionary Calendar -- the day the first Napoleon Bonaparte had made himself dictator by a coup d'etat. Marx traces how the conflict of different social interests manifest themselves in the complex web of political struggles, and in particular the contradictory relationships between the outer form of a struggle and its real social content.
  22. Estranged Labour
    Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1844
  23. First Draft of Letter To Vera Zasulich
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1881
  24. The Grundrisse 
    Outlines of the Critique of Political Economy
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1857   Published: 1973
    Marx wrote this huge manuscript as part of his preparation for what would become A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (published in 1859) and Capital (published 1867). The series of seven notebooks were rough-drafted by Marx, chiefly for purposes of self-clarification, during the winter of 1857-8. The manuscript became lost in circumstances still unknown and was first effectively published, in the German original, in 1953.
  25. Human Requirements and Division of Labour Under the Rule of Private Property
    Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1844
  26. Inaugural Address of the International Workingmen's Association
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1864
    Speech by Karl Marx to the founding meeting of the First International.
  27. The June Revolution
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1848
    The defeated plebeians are tormented by hunger, abused by the press, forsaken by the physicians, called thieves, incendiaries and galley-slaves by the respectabilities; their wives and children are plunged into still greater misery and the best of those who have survived are sent overseas.
  28. Letter: Karl Marx to Arnold Ruge
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1843
    Constructing the future and settling everything for all times are not our affair, it is all the more clear what we have to accomplish at present: I am referring to ruthless criticism of all that exists, ruthless both in the sense of not being afraid of the results it arrives at and in the sense of being just as little afraid of conflict with the powers that be.
    Therefore I am not in favour of raising any dogmatic banner. On the contrary, we must try to help the dogmatists to clarify their propositions for themselves.
  29. Letter to Bracke
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1875
    Karl Marx comments on the unity programme (Gotha programme) of the German Democratic Workers Party and the People's Party.
  30. La Liberté Speech
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1872
    Citizens, let us think of the basic principle of the International: Solidarity. Only when we have established this life-giving principle on a sound basis among the numerous workers of all countries will we attain the great final goal which we have set ourselves. The revolution must be carried out with solidarity; this is the great lesson of the French Commune, which fell becaue none of the other centres -- Berlin, Madrid, etc. -- developed great revolutionary movements comparable to the mighty uprising of the Paris proletariat.
  31. Marx and Engels Collected Works Volume 33
    Marx 1861 - 1863
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1863
    Economic Manuscript of 1861-63. A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (Continuation).
  32. Marx and Engels Collected Works Volume 34
    Marx 1861 - 1864
    Resource Type: Book
    Economic Manuscripts of 1861-64 (Conclusion). A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy.
  33. Marx and Engels Collected Works Volume 35
    Capital Volume 1
    Resource Type: Book
    Capital. Volume 1.
  34. Marx and Engels Collected Works Volume 28
    Marx 1857 - 1861
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1861
    Economic Manuscripts of 1857-58.
  35. Marx and Engels Collected Works Volume 29
    Marx 1857 - 1861
    Resource Type: Book
    Economic Manuscripts of 1857-58.
  36. Marx and Engels Collected Works Volume 30
    Marx 1861 - 1863
    Resource Type: Book
    Economic Manuscripts of 1861-63.
  37. Marx and Engels Collected Works Volume 31
    Marx 1861 - 1863
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1863
    A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy.
  38. Marx and Engels Collected Works Volume 32
    Marx 1861 - 1863
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1863
    Economic Manuscript of 1861-63 (Continuation). A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy.
  39. Marx's Marginal Notes on the Program and Rules of Bakunin's International Alliance of Socialist Democracy
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1868
  40. The Nationalisation of the Land
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1872
    I do not intend discussing here all the arguments put forward by the advocates of private property in land, by jurists, philosophers and political economists, but shall confine myself firstly to state that they have tried hard to disguise the primitive fact of conquest under the cloak of "Natural Right". If conquest constituted a natural right on the part of the few, the many have only to gather sufficient strength in order to acquire the natural right of reconquering what has been taken from them. In the progress of history the conquerors found it convenient to give to their original titles, derived from brute force, a sort of social standing through the instrumentality of laws imposed by themselves.
  41. On Freedom of the Press (5)
    Censorship
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1842
    A censorship law is an impossibility because it seeks to punish not offences but opinions, because it cannot be anything but a formula for the censor, because no state has the courage to put in general legal terms what it can carry out in practice through the agency of the censor. For that reason, too, the operation of the censorship is entrusted not to the courts but to the police.
  42. On Freedom of the Press (1)
    Prussian Censorship
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1842
    Apart from the catchwords and commonplaces which fill the air, we find among these opponents of press freedom a pathological emotion, a passionate partisanship, which gives them a real, not an imaginary, attitude to the press, whereas the defenders of the press in this Assembly have on the whole no real relation to what they are defending. They have never come to know freedom of the press as a vital need. For them it is a matter of the head, in which the heart plays no part.
  43. On Freedom of the Press (2)
    Opponents of a Free Press
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1842
    What an illogical paradox to regard the censorship as a basis for improving our press!
  44. On Freedom of the Press (3)
    On the Assembly of the Estates
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1842
    Precisely because freedom of discussion, the speaker concludes, is desirable in our Assembly - and what freedoms would we not find desirable where we are concerned? - precisely for that reason freedom of discussion is not desirable in the province. Because it is desirable that we speak frankly, it is still more desirable to keep the province in thrall to secrecy.
  45. On Freedom of the Press (4)
    As a privilege of particular individuals or a privilege of the human mind?
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1842
    From the standpoint of the idea, it is self-evident that freedom of the press has a justification quite different from that of censorship because it is itself an embodiment of the idea, an embodiment of freedom, a positive good, whereas censorship is an embodiment of unfreedom, the polemic of a world outlook of semblance against the world outlook of essence; it has a merely negative nature.
  46. On Freedom of the Press (6)
    Freedom in General
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1842
    Some want a full censorship, others a half censorship; some want three-eighths freedom of the press, others none at all. God save me from my friends!
  47. Political Indifferentism
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1873
  48. The Poverty of Philosophy
    Answer to the Philosophy of Poverty by M. Proudhon
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1847
  49. Pre-Capitalist Economic Formations I
    The process which precedes the formation of the capital relation or of original accumulation
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1857
    Notes by Marx not intended for publication.
  50. Pre-Capitalist Economic Formations II
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1857
    Notes by Marx not intended for publication.
  51. Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy 
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1859
    Perhaps Marx's most succinct summary of his analysis of political economy.
  52. Private Property and Communism
    Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1844
  53. Private Property and Labour. Political Economy as a Product of the Movement of Private Property
    Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1844
  54. Revolutionary Spain
    Articles by Karl Marx in the New-York Herald Tribune
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1854
    The series of articles Revolutionary Spain was written by Marx for the New-York Daily Tribune between August and November 1854. Marx observed all the symptoms of the revolutionary movement in Europe and paid much attention to the revolutionary events in the summer of 1854 in Spain. He held that the revolutionary struggle there could provide a stimulus for the development of the revolutionary movement in other European countries.
  55. Speech at anniversary of the People's Paper
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1856
    The so-called revolutions of 1848 were but poor incidents - small fractures and fissures in the dry crust of European society. However, they denounced the abyss. Beneath the apparently solid surface, they betrayed oceans of liquid matter, only needing expansion to rend into fragments continents of hard rock.
  56. Theses On Feuerbach
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1845   Published: 1924
  57. Value, Price and Profit
    Speech by Marx to the International Working Men's Association, June 1865
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1865   Published: 1898
  58. A Workers' Inquiry
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1880