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  1. Could Punching Nazis Have Prevented Hitler From Taking Power
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2017
    There have been repeated references to how Nazism could have been stopped by street-fighting, with almost no attention paid to the concrete socio-political conditions of Germany between 1920 and 1933. For many of those who think that physical force was the key to stopping Nazism, the viral video of Richard Spencer getting punched in the face was far more important as a guide to action than understanding the tragic history of the German left.
  2. A Dictionary of Marxist Thought
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1983
  3. Germany's lost Bolshevik: Paul Levi revisited
    A review of David Fernbach (ed), In the Steps of Rosa Luxemburg: Selected Writings by Paul Levi
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    Paul Levi’s name is almost unknown today outside a small community of specialised historians. But in the years 1919 and 1920 he was well known in Germany and abroad as the chair of the young Communist Party of Germany (KPD). He would become the most controversial figure in the German Communist movement. He was mainly responsible for building the KPD from a relatively small organisation in early 1918 into a truly mass party.
  4. The Great Class War
    1914-1918
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2016
    In this critical, revisionist account, historian Jacques Pauwels shows how the First World War was rooted in class strife that begin with the French Revolution in 1789 and continued long past the war itself. As Pauwels sees it, war seemed to offer major benefits to the European upper classes of the early twentieth century, who felt threatened by the seemingly irresistible process of democratization or, as they saw it, the "rise of the masses." War was expected to serve as an antidote to social revolution, causing workers to abandon socialism's focus on overthrowing the established order via internaitonal worker solidarity in favour of nationalism and militarism.
  5. Karl Marx's Theory of Revolution 
    Volume II: The Politics of Social Classes
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1978
    Draper ranges through the development of the thought of Marx and Engels on the role of classes in society.
  6. The Letters of Rosa Luxemburg 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1990   Published: 2011
    Blending a passionate sensibility and a steely intellect with an unshakeable commitment to revolutionary socialism, Rosa Luxemburg is one of the towering figures of the twentieth century. In this comprehensive collection selection of Luxemburg's letters, her political concerns are revealed alongside the story of a vivid inner life.
  7. Luxemburg, Müller and the Berlin workers' and soldiers' councils
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    Rose reviews and discusses two important books about the German Revolution, "Working-Class Politics in the German Revolution: Richard Müller, the Revolutionary Shop Stewards and the Origins of the Council Movement", and "The German Left and the Weimar Republic: A Selection of Documents".
  8. Marx and Engels Collected Works Volume 27
    Engels 1890 - 1895
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1895
    Includes The Foreign Policy of Russian Tsardom, and A Critique of the Draft Social-Democratic Program of 1891, and On the History of Early Christianity, and The Peasant Question in France and Germany
  9. A Marxist History of the World part 67: Reform or Revolution?
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    The world Socialist movement was blown apart as its members supported the First World War. Neil Faulkner looks at how the question of reform or revolution lay behind the split.
  10. A Marxist History of the World part 75: The German Revolution
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    At the end of the First World War, the epicentre of revolution moved from Petrograd to Berlin. Why did the German communists fail where the Bolsheviks had succeded?
  11. Our Path: Against Putschism
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1921
    If a Communist Party is to be built up again in Germany, then the dead of central Germany, Hamburg, the Rhineland, Baden, Silesia and Berlin, not to mention the many thousands of prisoners who have fallen victim to this Bakuninist lunacy, all demand in the face of the events of the last week: “Never again!”
  12. Paul Levi: A Luxemburgist Alternative?
    A review of In the Steps of Rosa Luxemburg: Selected Writings of Paul Levi
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    Among the adversaries of capitalism, some have argued that a revolution could have been achieved differently and better in the spirit of Rosa Luxemburg, who wrote a critique of the Bolsheviks’ undemocratic policies as early as 1918. Paul Levi, Luxemburg’s lawyer, briefly her lover, her follower, and from 1919 to 1921 her successor at the head of German Communism, was the first to defend a Luxemburgist alternative to Bolshevism.
  13. Red Rosa 
    A Graphic Biography of Rosa Luxemburg
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2015
    A giant of the political left, Rosa Luxemburg is one of the foremost minds in the canon of revolutionary socialist thought. Red Rosa gives Luxemburg her due as a radical and human being. In this beautifully drawn work of graphic biography, writer and artist Kate Evans has opened up her subject’s intellectual world to a new audience, grounding Luxemburg’s ideas in the realities of an inspirational and deeply affecting life.
  14. Social Democracy and the Paradox of the Vanguard: Rudolf Hilferding's Odyssey
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1998
    THE NAZI SEIZURE of power in the winter of 1933 marked the total failure of the reformist project of the German Social Democratic Party (SPD) and brought about the party's virtual destruction. From exile in Prague and Paris, the defeated socialist leadership now had to grapple with the implications of this catastrophe for the party's strategy and form of organization. In the face of nazi barbarism, it was clear that the old legal methods would no longer suffice and that new ideas were needed to...
  15. Socialist Register 1994
    Volume 30: Between Globalism and Nationalism
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 1994
  16. The Struggle Against Fascism in Germany 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1971
    A collection of Leon Trotsky's writings on the situation in Germany from 1930 to 1940. From 1930 on Trotsky sounded the alarm about the rise of fascism in Germany, and warned that the policies of the Communist Party and the Social Democrats were likely to lead to disaster. He urged a common front, mobilizing the German working class regardless of party affiliation, against the Nazis.
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