1. African Migrants Bought and Sold Openly in 'Slave Markets' in Libya
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2017
   Hundreds of migrants along North African migration routes are being bought and sold openly in modern day 'slave markets' in Libya, survivors have told the United Nations migration agency, which warned that these reports "can be added to a long list of outrages" in the country.
2. Climate Crisis Threatens Food Security of Iran, Kuwait, Libya, Maldives, Togo, Comoros, and Many Other Countries
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2012
   Climate crisis is threatening seafood and fish in gulfs, seas, and oceans. As a result, countries dependent mainly on fish and seafood are threatened.
3. Connexions Library: Africa Focus
   Resource Type: Website
   First Published: 2009
   Selected articles, books, websites and other resources on Africa.
4. The "Decent Left" and the Libya Intervention
   A Reply to Michael Bérubé
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2011
   Western elites were perfectly comfortable with Gaddafi’s oppressive rule, including his use of torture. These states only broke with Gaddafi when his hold on power tottered, in response to the Arab Spring, and he ceased to be useful. He was no longer viewed as a reliable protector of Western access to Libya’s oil resources.
5. Destroying Libya's Welfare State
   NATO's Great Victory
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2011
   For NATO, its corporate allies, and its media mouthpieces, such prosperity for workers simply will not do. We live in a world where austerity for the workers is the order of the day – for those in Libya, Greece, Italy, Spain, Great Britain and the U.S. as well. And those who stand in the way of such austerity measures, whether they be a nationalist government in Libya, Communists in Greece or Occupiers in the U.S., must be dealt with accordingly – by violent reaction.
6. Dirty Wars
   Britain's Collusion with Radical Islam
   Resource Type: Book
   First Published: 2008
   Historian Mark Curtis, presents the history of the British government's sponsorship of radical Islamic terrorism, from Iran, Afghanistan and Libya to the July 7 bombings.
7. The Dreadful Chronology of Gaddafi's Murder
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2016
   Since 2003, Gaddafi had worked hard to repair his reputation for financing terrorism; his proposal for a trans-African banking system never reached fruition. Freedom and justice were never part of the West's agenda.
8. Embassy Row Online
   Resource Type: Website
   Contact names and numbers for all embassies to Canada and all Canadian embassies abroad.
9. The Great Libya War Fraud
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2016
   Coming so soon after the incomplete but still damning exposure of the Iraq deception - with the bloodbath still warm - the media's deep conformity and wilful gullibility on the 2011 Libyan war left even jaundiced observers aghast. It was clear that we were faced with a pathological system of propaganda on Perpetual War autopilot.
10. Hailed as a Model for Successful Intervention, Libya Proves to be the Exact Opposite
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    Advocates of the U.S. intervention in Lybia regard the event as a proof of success. Greenwald discusses why things are working in the opposite way.
11. Here's the Key Question in the Libyan War
    As the "Humanitarian Warriors" Gloat...
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2011
    My principal opposition to this recent war is precisely that, at a time when even some in Washington were hesitant, the "humanitarian interventionists", with their sophistic pretense of "protecting innocent civilians", have fed and encouraged this monster by offering it "the low-hanging fruit" of an easy victory in Libya. This has made the struggle to bring a semblance of peace and sanity to the world even more difficult than it was already.
12. An Interview With Noam Chomsky on Obama's Human Rights Record
    Nothing Can Justify Torture
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    America's human rights record under the administration of President Obama and the military intervention policies that have seen increased use during the Arab Spring.
13. Killing Hope 
    U.S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2008
    Is the United States a force for democracy? William Blum serves up a forensic overview of U.S. foreign policy spanning sixty years. For those who want the details on the U.S.'s most famous actions (Chile, Cuba, Vietnam, to name a few), and for those who want to learn about lesser-known efforts (France, China, Bolivia, Brazil, for example), this book provides a window on what U.S. foreign policy goals really are. "If you flip over the rock of American foreign policy of the past century, this is what crawls out… invasions … bombings … overthrowing governments … occupations … suppressing movements for social change … assassinating political leaders … perverting elections … manipulating labor unions … manufacturing “news” … death squads … torture … biological warfare … depleted uranium … drug trafficking … mercenaries … It’s not a pretty picture. It’s enough to give imperialism a bad name."
14. Letters from Lexington
    Reflections on Propaganda
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1993
    
15. Libya
    From Colony to Revolution
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2011
    Provides the background to the Libyan revolution by discussing its history from colonization up through the 2011 rebellion/foreign intervention that ousted Mu'ammar al-Qadafi.
16. Libya and the Arab Uprisings
    Against The Current vol. 152
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 2011
    The sweeping upheavals in Arab countries and North Africa continue to unfold. Among these events, the uprising in Libya and the subsequent United Nations/NATO intervention have provoked intense controversy within the international left and antiwar movement. The debate is an inevitable and necessary one — given both the imminent massacre that appeared likely to occur if the Qaddafi regime recaptured Benghazi and other opposition population centers, and what we well know to be the far-from-humanitarian motives of the imperialist intervening powers.
17. Libya's Hell, Enabled by Canadian Humanitarians
    Who Will Protect Libyans Now?
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2013
    One of the darkest and most shameful chapters in Western military intervention continues to play out in spades in Libya. Recent news from Benghazi revealed that one of the (literally hundreds) of murderous militias opened fire on peaceful, white-flag-bearing protesters (protesting militias), killing at least 20 and wounding over 130.
18. Libya's second civil war
    From armed resistance to jihadist networks
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    With the events that led to Gaddafi's fall, a civil war between local groups and rival militias started in Libya. Four years later IS has appeared, and the country seems on the brink of collapse.
19. Massacres That Matter - Part 1 - 'Responsibility To Protect' In Egypt, Libya And Syria
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2013
    Where offending states fail to live up to this responsibility by inflicting genocide, ethnic cleansing and other crimes against humanity on their own people, the international community has a responsibility to act.
20. Necessary Illusions 
    Thought Control in Democratic Societies
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1989   Published: 1991
    An inquiry into the nature of the media and the role of intellectuals in "a political system where the population cannot be disciplined by force, and thus must be subjected to more subtle forms of ideological control."
21. Overthrowing other people's governments: The Master List 
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2013
    Instances of the United States overthrowing, or attempting to overthrow, a foreign government since the Second World War.
22. Paula Broadwell, Whistleblower
    It's More Than a Sex Scandal
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    We await the follow-up to Paula Broadwell’s assertion that two prisoners were being held at the CIA “annex” near the consulate in Benghazi at the time of the assault that left Ambassador Christopher Stephens and three other Americans dead.
23. Press for Conversion #51
    May 2003
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 2003
    Why is the U.S. government reviled by so many people in the Middle East and North Africa? This issue looks at the past 50 years of wars and regime changes in the region and unveils a consistent pattern of U.S. involvement.
24. Qadhafi's Libya
    Resource Type: Book
    The author follows the evolution of a backward tribal society into one of the most militant Arab states, a significant force within OPEC, and a troublesome puzzle for the superpowers. He gives a blow-by-blow account of Colonel Qadhafi's seizure of power and examines the changing nature of his authority within the country. This book provides the facts necessary for an understanding of contemporary Libya and its place in world events.
25. The Real Terror Network 
    Terrorism in Fact and Propaganda
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1982
    Herman sets out to show that the U.S. ignores or sponsors terror by authoritarian states that are allied with U.S. interests.
26. Selective Outrage - Iran And Libya
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    
27. The Six Most Disastrous Interventions of the 21st Century
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    On October 2, 2015, President Barack Obama, alluding to Russia's decision to launch air strikes in Syria, told reporters at the White House that for Russia to view the forces targeted "from the perspective they're all terrorists [is] a recipe for disaster, and it's one that I reject."
28. Understanding Power
    The Indispensable Chomsky
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2001   Published: 2002
    In a series of enlightening and wide-ranging discussions, all published here for the first time, Chomsky radically reinterprets the events of the past three decades, covering topics from foreign policy during Vietnam to the decline of welfare under the Clinton administration. As he elucidates the connection between America's imperialistic foreign policy and the decline of domestic social services, Chomsky also discerns the necessary steps to take toward social change.
29. US Consulate Killings - Spontaneous Religious or Planned Political?
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    On September 11, four Americans, including the US ambassador, were killed in an attack on the US consulate in Benghazi, Libya. The following day, the BBC's Lunchtime News reported that the killings were part of 'disturbances' which were 'linked to an anti-Islamic video'. The BBC's News at Six explained that the US ambassador was killed 'in a protest'. This was mild language indeed given that the consulate had been attacked with assault rifles, hand grenades, rocket-propelled grenades and mortars.
30. War crime: NATO deliberately destroyed Libya's water infrastructure
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    The military targeting of civilian infrastructure, especially of water supplies, is a war crime under the Geneva Conventions. Yet this is precisely what NATO did in Libya. Since then, the country's water infrastructure has only deteriorated further.
31. Where War Reporting Goes Wrong
    A Diary of Four Wars
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2013
    The four recent conflicts in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya and Syria have been propaganda wars in which newspaper, television and radio journalists played a central role. In all wars there is a difference between reported news and what really happened, but during these four campaigns the outside world has been left with misconceptions even about the identity of the victors and the defeated.
32. Why Qaddafi had to go: African gold, oil and the challenge to monetary imperialism
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2016
    What was NATO's violent intervention in Libya really all about? Now we know, writes Ellen Brown, thanks to Hillary Clinton's recently published emails. It was to prevent the creation of an independent hard currency in Africa that would free the continent from economic bondage under the dollar, the IMF and the French African franc, shaking off the last heavy chains of colonial exploitation.
33. Why the rise of fascism is again the issue 
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    Fascism is preserved as history, as flickering footage of goose-stepping blackshirts, their criminality terrible and clear. Yet in the same liberal societies, whose war-making elites urge us never to forget, the accelerating danger of a modern kind of fascism is suppressed; for it is their fascism.

Experts on Libyen in the Sources Directory

1. African Union
2. Community of Sahelo-Saharan States
3. League of Arab States
4. United Nations