1. Age of Extremes 
   The Short Twentieth Century 1914 - 1991
   Resource Type: Book
   First Published: 1994   Published: 1997
   A overview of the history of the years 1914 - 1991.
2. As Turkey Bombed Anti-ISIS Fighters, It Hired Lobbying Firm Tied to 2016 Candidates
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2015
   On July 24, 2015, Turkey launched a massive military campaign that included sweeping attacks against Kurdish forces as well as minor strikes on Islamic State positions south of Turkey’s border. Just five days later, the Turkish government inked a contract to hire a team of prominent lobbyists to add to its already formidable army of influence-peddlers in Washington.
3. The Christian Genocide During the Ottoman Empire Sounds a Dark Warning for the Future
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2019
   Review and discussion of The Thirty-Year Genocide: Turkey’s Destruction of Its Christian Minorities 1894-1924 by Benny Morris and Dror Zeevi.
4. Connexions Library: Middle East Focus
   Resource Type: Website
   First Published: 2009
   Selected articles, books, websites and other resources on the Middle East.
5. The Death of a Reporter
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2014
   Serena Shim, who leaves behind a family that includes her two young children, found herself chasing the truth in a highly charged situation.
6. Der Zor Diary: A Pilgrimage To The Killing Fields of the Armenian Genocide
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2010
   The Der Zor desert -- the most infamous of the killings fields in the premeditated extermination of the Armenian people carried out by the Turkish government beginning in 1915.
7. Embassy Row Online
   Resource Type: Website
   Contact names and numbers for all embassies to Canada and all Canadian embassies abroad.
8. Erdogan is Strengthened by the Failed Coup, But Turkey is the Loser
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2016
   Looks into the impact of the recent (2016) coup attempt in Turkey and President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's counter-coup.
9. Facts Back Russia on Turkish Attack
   Resource Type: Article
   First Published: 2015
   Turkey claims its November 24, 2015 shoot-down of a Russian warplane along the Syrian border was justified -- and the Obama administration is publicly siding with its NATO ally -- but a review of the evidence supports Russian accusations of an "ambush." The evidence from the Turkish authorities themselves thus leaves little room for doubt that the decision to shoot down the Russian jet was made before the Russian jets even began their flight.
10. From Sykes-Picot to "Islamic State": Imperialism's Bloody Wreckage
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2014
    When the Jihadist group Islamic State (formerly known as ISIS) changed its name and declared the establishment of the Caliphate, it did so with the release of a promotional video entitled "The End of Sykes-Picot." This was a reference to the 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement that marked the end of the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of two zones of influence, British and French.
11. Hegemony or Survival 
    America's Quest for Global Dominance
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2003   Published: 2004
    Chomsky documents how, for more than half a century, the United States has been pursuing a grand imperial strategy with the aim of dominating the globe.
12. Hypocrisy Reigns
    Don't Forsake the Struggle
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2010
    When Israel labels as "terrorists" the ship passengers who offered some resistance to the Israeli invaders, who points out that the passengers who resisted the 9-11 highjackers on the plane which crashed in Pennsylvania are called "heroes"?
13. International arms companies make a killing in Turkey: a case study of the Roboski Massacre
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2016
    Today, Turkey continues its brutality in its war against its Kurdish population. The state is imposing new curfews daily in the south-east of the country. Hundreds of citizens have been killed so far, whilst the western mainstream media and politicians remain largely silent about the massacres. Anti-militarist activists in the UK, however, are taking action against atrocities carried out by states such as Turkey.
14. Istanbul's LGBT pride march violently disbanded by police
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    As Americans celebrate a momentous step forward for the LGBT movement, Turkish gay pride marchers were met with rubber bullets and water cannons from the police. While uncharacteristic of the police force, these violent acts are, unfortunately, in line with the general atmosphere in Turkey. There is an ever-growing epidemic of violent homophobia and transphobia in the country.
15. Istanbul's Shameful May Day
    Silencing the Masses
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2013
    "I was walking through the streets of Istanbul. Smoke and tear-gas bombs were exploding everywhere and people were running, pursued by police in riot gear". I lay for a while analysing my dream. It was May the first – International Workers’ Day.
16. The Junius Pamphlet 
    The Crisis of Social Democracy
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 1916
    The voting of war credits in August 1914 was a shattering moment in the life of individual socialists and of the socialist movement in Europe. Those who had worked for, and wholly believed in the ability of, organized labour to stand against war now saw the major social democratic parties of Germany, France, and England rush to the defense of their fatherlands. Worker solidarity had proved an impotent myth. Rosa Luxemburg had for years warned against the stultifying effects of the overly bureaucratized German Social Democratic Party and the anti-revolutionary tendencies of the trade unions that played such a large role in the party's policy decisions. She spent much of the war in jail, where she wrote and then smuggled this pamphlet. Published under the name "Junius," the pamphlet became the guiding statement for the International Group, which became the Spartacus League.
    
17. Lessons from the Tekel strikes: class solidarity and ethnic (in)difference
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2010
    A worker puts it: “There are no differences between Kurds, Alevis, Sunnis and Turks. We have no party.”
18. Marx and Engels Collected Works Volume 12
    Marx and Engels 1853 - 1854
    Resource Type: Book
    Articles mainly on British colonialism.
    
19. A Marxist History of the World part 66: The Ottoman Empire and the 1908 'Young Turk' Revolution
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2012
    Neil Faulkner looks at how the revolution that began in Turkey in 1908 initiated a process that would transform the middle east over the following two decades.
20. 'Only I and my paper were prosecuted'
    Journalist who exposed Turkey's hospitality for jihadists
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    Jihad fighters are treated in Turkey with state complicity; Journalist Dogu Eroglu of the opposition daily BirGun (One Day) was prosecuted.
21. Orbán: Strong Man, Authoritarian Ideology
    Book Review
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2019
    Review of a book about Viktor Orbán's political career.
22. Other Voices: The Connexions Newsletter - August 13, 2016
    Sports and Politics
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    First Published: 2016
    Sports and politics have always been intertwined, though perhaps never as much so as in the current era. In the modern sports era, survival and success depend largely on the favour of corporations, whose power to provide or withhold funding and sponsorships now shape every aspect of sport, including athletes' incomes and lifestyles. It is now difficult to remember that only a few decades ago, corporate logos were strictly forbidden at Olympic events, while athletes were prohibited from accepting any kind of payment for their involvement in sports. The corporate conquest of sports closely parallels the corporate colonization of nearly all aspects of modern life. Accompanying this in recent years has been the increasing injection of militaristic content into sports spectacles. In Canada, hockey games are now commonly preceded by rituals honouring militarism. In the United States, similar spectacles have been staged for years. In this issue, we feature resources which remind us that resistance to the commercialization, corporatization, and militarization of sports is also part of our heritage.
23. The phantom election
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    The author criticises the elections took place on 1 November 2015 in Turkey.The ruling party AKP took away two millon votes from the fascist party MHP, one million from HDP the predominantly Kurdish party. half a million from SP a fundamentalist Islamist party, the predecessor of the AK, another million from new strata that came to vote at a higher rate this time. The author questions and attempts to explain the discrepancy between the opinion polls and the electoral results.
24. Social Democracy and the National Struggles in Turkey
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 1896
    In foreign policy as in domestic politics, Social Democracy can adopt its own position, which in both spheres must be determined by the same standpoints, namely by the internal social conditions of the phenomenon in question, and by our general principles.
25. 'Socialism in One Country' Before Stalin, and the Origins of Reactionary 'Anti-Imperialism'
    The Case of Turkey, 1917-1925
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2009
    Today's climate of "anti-imperialism" compels us to turn back to the history of such a profoundly reactionary ideology, deeply anti-working class both in the advanced and underdeveloped countries, by which any force, no matter how retrograde, that turns a gun against a Western power becomes progressive and worthy of critical or military support, or for the less subtle, simply support.
26. The strategic defeat of Recep Tayyib Erdogan
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    The author examines the causes of historic electoral defeat of Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his party AKP. The author emphasises the two recent events: The Gezi rebellion in Istanbul and the Kobane defence in Western Kurdistan. The author asks and attempts to answer "the reason why was that this defeat had taken so long to be registered in action even permitting Erdogan to climb to the presidency of the republic in August 2014."
27. The Syrianisation of Turkey
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    On 10 October 2015 hundreds of thousands people marching in the streets of Ankara in solidarity with Kurdish people and to stop the civil war were struck with two bombs, which exploded and killed a hundred people and hundreds wounded. In this article the author questions Erdogan's policies over Syria such as finding an excuse to send the Turkish military into Syria, setting up home-grown Islamist militia forces to keep Erdogan in power, to help warring Sunni militia groups in Syria always bear a risk of Syrianisation of Turkey.
28. Taksim is not Tahrir—yet
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2011
    Much of the talk of “neoliberalism” coming from such leftist organizations is often a call for a return to state-administered enterprises under “workers’ control”, which is nothing more than bureaucratic state capitalism. It should be remembered that even under the most intense periods of nationalization in Turkey, often glorified among the social democrats and the like, was fought against by the working class.
29. A Turkey Divided by Erdogan Will Become Prey to Its Enemies
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2017
    What critics claim is the openly fraudulent Turkish referendum ends parliamentary democracy in the country and gives President Recep Tayyip Erdogan dictatorial powers. The most unexpected aspect of the poll on Sunday was not the declared outcome, but that the ruling AKP (Justice and Development Party) allegedly found it necessary to fix the vote quite so blatantly.
30. Turkey in 2019: An Assessment
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2019
    A look at the current state of the Erdogan regime in Turkey as well as the hopes and challenges of what the left can accomplish.
31. Turkey and its Kurds at war: Recep Tayyip Erdogan's personal quest for survival
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    Examining the ongoing civil war between the Turkish government and Kurds, focusing especially on the recent plight of Cizre, a south eastern town with a massive Kurdish population. The author criticises the Turkish government which waged war against its own citizens in the Kurdish regions of the country.
32. Turkey: A War of Two Coups
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2016
    On 15 July 2016 a huge section of the Turkish armed forces attempted to take power from the government of Recep Tayyip Erdogan and the AKP, came very close to its objective, but was ultimately defeated. This article examines the causes of the failed coup and its social and political effects on the Turkish society from a Marxist perpective.
33. Turkey's Tiananmen in Context
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2015
    At 9:30 Saturday morning Turkish citizens opposed to their government’s war policies gathered at the Ankara Train Station for a demonstration organized by a broad alliance of organizations.
34. Turkey's Urban Uprising
    The Struggle for Democracy against Inequality, Oligarchy, Oppression, and Tyranny
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2013
    In Turkey, a wave of urban uprisings had spread across the country, involving hundreds of thousands of protesters, in dozens of cities, met with massive state repression and violence, resulting in a few deaths and thousands of injuries and arrests.
35. An Unauthorized Biography of the World 
    Oral History on the Front Lines
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2004
    This book uses oral history to discuss oral history. It is in memoir style, and delves into how oral history is done in such places as First Nations (Canada), Turkey, Chicago, Newfoundland, Peru, New York City, Cleveland, Israel, and other places. Riordon's concept is about telling stories, celebrating diversity, and making connections between people.
36. The Uprising in Turkey
    Conservative-Neoliberal Alliance and Popular Resistance in Turkey
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2013
    Thousands are taking to the streets to oppose the current regime of old Islamic, anti-secularist values sitting comfortably with large scale US based Neoliberal capitalism.
37. What Should Be Done in Palestine
    Israel Shamir's Talk at the Ankara Conference
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2009
    Indeed, the whole story of Palestine is a story of immigrants taking over a country. Such things happen: immigrants from Britain took over North America and Australia. This is a sad thing, but it happened. Now it is not realistic to hope that they will sail back to England - they won't. It is wrong to try and create an 'independent state' for the native Americans - such independent states are called 'reservations'. The right answer is equality for native and immigrant alike. Some Jews would complain that they want a state of their own. We shall answer them: you have built on sand, and a house built on sand can't stand forever. If you want a state of your own without anybody else, find yourself a lonely uninhabited island. Palestine was, and is, populated; the best you can wish is to be equal citizens in Palestine with everybody else.
38. When Deep States Collide
    Turkey's Hesitancy Exposes Its Agenda
    Resource Type: Article
    First Published: 2014
    It's no secret that members of the so-called coalition against ISIS have been less than enthusiastic about substantive military action as the bulk of the airstrikes so far have been executed by the United States.
39. The World Without Us 
    Resource Type: Book
    First Published: 2007
    A thought experiment to see what would happen to the planet if human beings simply disappeared.
    

Experts on Trkei in the Sources Directory

1. Economic Cooperation Organization
2. NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
3. United Nations