List of books banned by governments

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Part of a series on
Censorship
 
By media
Banned books– Banned films
Re-edited film– Internet– Music
Press– Radio– Thought
Speech and expression
Video games
Methods
Bleeping– Book burning
Broadcast delay– Chilling effect
Conspiracy of silence
Content-control software
Euphemism– Expurgation
Gag order– Heckling
Memory hole– Newspaper theft
Pixelization– Postal– Prior restraint
Revisionism– Self-censorship
Speech code– Strategic lawsuit
Verbal offence– Whitewashing
Contexts
Corporate– Political– Religious
Ideological– Criminal speech
Hate speech– Media bias
Suppression of dissent
By country
Censorship– Freedom of speech
v – d – e

Banned books are books to which free access is not permitted. The practice of banning books is a form of censorship, and often has political, religious or moral motivations.

Bans on books can be enacted at the national or subnational level, and can carry legal penalties for their infraction. Books may also be challenged at a local, community level. As a result, books can be removed from schools or libraries, although these bans do not extend outside of that area. Similarly, religions may issue lists of banned books – a historical example being the Roman Catholic Church's Index Librorum Prohibitorum – which do not always carry legal force.

[edit] Background

"Almost every country places some restrictions on what may be published, although the emphasis and the degree of control differ from country to country and at different periods."[1]

Books are banned for a variety of reasons. Materials are often suppressed due to the perceived notion of obscenity. This obscenity can apply to materials that are about sexuality, race, drugs, or social standing.

Governments have also sought to ban certain books it perceives to contain material that could threaten, embarrass, or criticize it.[2] Governments may also ban books to protect the public from their contents, including materials that may endanger public safety.

Other leaders outside of the government have banned books, including religious authorities.[3] Church leaders who prohibit members of their faith from reading the banned books may want to shelter them from perceived obscene, immoral, or profane ideas or situations.

But even religious materials have been subject to censorship. For example, various scriptures have been banned (and sometimes burned at several points in history). The Bible, and other religious scriptures have all been subjected to censorship and have been banned by various governments. Similarly, books based on the scriptures have also been banned, such as Leo Tolstoy's The Kingdom of God Is Within You, which was banned in Russia for being anti-establishment.

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z– See also – References – External links


[edit] List of banned books

P literature.svg This literature-related list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.


[edit] A

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
About a Silence in Literature Åivorad Stojkoviä Essay Banned in Yugoslavia by court order in 1951.[4]
The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian Sherman Alexie autobiographical young adult novel Banned in high schools in Stockton, Missouri, USA, by the local school board after a parent complained about its content.[5]
A Feast for the Seaweeds Haidar Haidar Novel Banned in Egypt and several other Arab states, and even resulted in a belated angry reaction from the clerics of Al-Azhar University upon reprinting in Egypt in the year 2000. The clerics issued a Fatwa banning the novel, and accused Haidar of heresy and offending Islam. Al-Azhar University students staged huge protests against the novel, that eventually led to its confiscation.[6][7][8]
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Lewis Carroll Children's Novel/Adventure Banned in the province of Hunan, China, beginning in 1931 for its portrayal of anthropomorphized animals acting on the same level of complexity as human beings.[9]
All Quiet on the Western Front Erich Maria Remarque Anti-war novel Banned in Nazi Germany for being demoralizing and insulting to the Wehrmacht.[10]
American Psycho Bret Easton Ellis Fiction Novel Sale and Purchase banned in the Australian State of Queensland. Sale restricted to persons 18 years old or older in the other Australian states. [11]
Angaray Sajjad Zaheer Progressive short stories Banned in India in 1936 by the British government.[12]
Animal Farm George Orwell Political novella The author–s preface suppressed in nearly all of its editions. During 1940 - 45, Allied forces found this entire book to be critical of the U.S.S.R., and therefore the text was considered to be too controversial to print during wartime. Publishers were reluctant to print the novel then, and copies of it were withdrawn from circulation at libraries, etc.[13] A play of Animal Farm was banned in Kenya in 1991, because it criticizes corrupt leaders.[14] In 2002, the novel was banned in the schools of the United Arab Emirates, because it contained text or images that goes against Islamic and Arab values.[14]
Areopagitica John Milton Essay Banned in the Kingdom of England for political reasons.[15]
A Spoon on Earth Hyeon Gi-yeong Novel Banned for distribution within the South Korean military as one of 23 books banned there beginning on Aug 1, 2008.[16]

[edit] B

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
Bad Samaritans: The Myth of Free Trade and the Secret History of Capitalism Ha-Joon Chang Non-Fiction Banned for distribution in South Korean military as one of 23 books banned from Aug 1st 2008.[16]
Big River, Big Sea – Untold Stories of 1949 Lung Ying-tai Non-Fiction It sold over 100,000 copies in Taiwan and 10,000 in Hong Kong in its first month of release, but discussion of her work was banned in mainland China following the book launch.[17]
Borstal Boy Brendan Behan Autobiographical Novel Banned in Ireland in 1958. The Irish Censorship of Publications Board was not obliged to reveal its reason but it is believed that it was rejected for its critique of Irish republicanism and the Catholic Church, and its depiction of adolescent sexuality. It was banned in Australia and New Zealand shortly after. It was allowed to be published in New Zealand in 1963. [18]
Brave New World Aldous Huxley Novel Banned in Ireland in 1932, due to alleged references of sexual promiscuity.[19]
Burger's Daughter Nadine Gordimer Novel Banned in South Africa in July, 1979 for going against the government's racial policies; the ban was reversed in October of the same year.[14]

[edit] C

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
Candide Voltaire Novel Seized by US Customs in 1930 for obscenity.[20]
Curved River Åivojin Pavloviä story collection In 1963 in Yugoslavia withdrawn by the publisher (Nolit) at request of SDB officials.[21]

[edit] D

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
The Da Vinci Code Dan Brown Novel Banned in Lebanon after Catholic leaders deemed it offensive to Christianity. (See Inaccuracies in The Da Vinci Code.)[22]
The Death of Lorca Ian Gibson Biography, True crime Banned briefly in Spain.[23]
Dianetics L. Ron Hubbard Religion Banned in Russia, along with all of the author's books, under a 2010 law empowering the Russian government to ban written work categorized as "extremist materials.".[24]
The Diary of Anne Frank Anne Frank Biography Banned in Lebanon for "portray[ing] Jews, Israel or Zionism favorably".[25]
Dick and Jane William S. Gray Novel Seized in Soviet Russia for its obvious pro-Americanism.[26]
Dictionary of Modern Serbo-Croatian Language MiloÅ¡ Moskovljeviä dictionary Banned in Yugoslavia by court order in 1966, at request of Mirko Tepavac, because "some definitions can cause disturbance among citizens".[21]
Doctor Zhivago Boris Pasternak Novel Banned within the U.S.S.R until 1988 for its criticism of the Bolshevik Party.[27]
Droll Stories Honor de Balzac Banned for obscene material of a sexual nature in Canada in 1914 and Ireland in 1953, the ban was lifted in Ireland in 1967.[28][29]
The Devil's Discus Rayne Kruger Banned in Thailand in 2006[30]

[edit] E

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
El Seor Presidente Miguel ngel Asturias Novel Banned in Guatemala because it went against the ruling political leaders.[31]

[edit] F

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
Fanny Hill or Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure John Cleland Novel Banned in the U.S.A in 1821 for obscenity, then again in 1963. This was the last book ever banned in the U.S.A.[10] See also Memoirs v. Massachusetts.
The Federal Mafia Irwin Schiff Nonfiction An injunction was issued by a U.S. District Court in Nevada under 26 U.S.C. – 7408 against Irwin Schiff and associates Cynthia Neun and Lawrence Cohen, against the sale of this book by those persons as the court found that the information it contains is fraudulent.[32]
The Fugitive (Perburuan) Pramoedya Ananta Toer Novel Banned in Indonesia in 1950, for containing "subversive" material, including an attempt to promote Marxist-Leninist thought and other Communist theories. As of 2006, the ban is still in effect.[14]

[edit] G

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
Polsko-angielsko-niemiecki glosariusz regionalny Wojewdztwa Opolskiego (The Polish-English-German Glossary of the Regional Terminology of the Opole Voivodeship) Tomasz Kamusella Nonfiction The first book banned in postcommunist Poland, on the orders of the Self-Governmental Regional Authority (Urzäd MarszaÅkowski) of the Opole Voivodeship, because, besides presenting the Polish and Soviet view that Poland–s new, post-World War II western border was fully recognized already in 1945, it also presented the view of West Germany and its allies that the border was finally recognized in light of international law only upon the ratification of the German-Polish Border Treaty (signed in 1990) in 1991.[33]
The God of Small Things Arundhati Roy Novel Written in 1996, claimed to be portraying occasional interrelgious sex scenes involving a Christian woman and low caste-Hindu servant. Ban overturned in India in 1997.[34]
The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck Novel Was temporarily banned in many places in the US. In the region of California in which it was partially set, it was banned because it made the residents of this region look bad.[35]
The Gulag Archipelago Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn Nonfiction Banned in the Soviet Union because it went against the image the Soviet Government tried to project of itself and its policies.[36] This ban has been lifted. In 2009, the Education Ministry of Russia added The Gulag Archipelago to the curriculum for high-school students.[37]

[edit] H

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
How to make disposable silencers Unknown How to An example of a class of books banned in Australia that "promote, incite or instruct in matters of crime or violence".[38][39]
Howl Allen Ginsberg Poem Copies of the first edition seized by San Francisco Customs for obscenity in March 1957; after trial, obscenity charges were dismissed.[40]

[edit] I

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
Islam - A Concept of Political World Invasion R. V. Bhasin Political Ideology Banned in Maharashtra, India in 2007, after its publishing on grounds that it promotes communal disharmony between Hindus and Muslims.[41]

[42]

[edit] J

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
July's People Nadine Gordimer Novel Banned during the Apartheid-era in South Africa.[43] July's People is now included in the South African school curriculum.[44]
Jinnah: India-Partition-Independence Jaswant Singh Biography Banned in Gujarat, India in August 2009.[45] The ban was overturned by the Gujarat High Court in December 2009.[46]
Jinnah of Pakistan Stanley Wolpert Biography Banned in Pakistan for recounting Jinnah–s taste for wine and pork.[47]
Jger – i krig med eliten Thomas Rathsack Autobiography Danish Military tried to ban the book Sept. 2009 for National Security reasons; Court rejected ban as book was already leaked in press and on internet.[48]

[edit] K

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
The King Never Smiles Paul M. Handley Biography Banned in Thailand for its criticism of King Bhumibol Adulyadej.[49]

[edit] L

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
Lady Chatterley's Lover D. H. Lawrence Novel Temporarily banned in the United States and the United Kingdom for violation of obscenity laws; both bans were lifted in 1959 and 1960, respectively.[29]

Temporarily banned in Australia.[50]
Lajja Taslima Nasrin Novel Banned in Bangladesh,[51][52] and a few states of India.
Little Black Sambo Helen Bannerman Children's Book Banned in Japan (1988–2005) to quell "political threats to boycott Japanese cultural exports", although the pictures were not those of the original version.[53]
Lolita Vladmir Nabokov Novel French officials banned it for being "obscene," as did the United Kingdom, Argentina, New Zealand (uncensored 1964) and South Africa.[54]
The Lottery Shirley Jackson Short Story Banned in South Africa during Apartheid.[55]

[edit] M

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
Madame Bovary Gustave Flaubert Novel Flaubert's novel was banned and he was prosecuted for "offenses against public morals".[56]
Mein Kampf Adolf Hitler Political ideology Effectively banned in Germany - the rights are currently claimed by the Freestate of Bavaria and the state tries to prevent any re-printing but there is no law against owning or trading the original. Banned in some European nations and the Russian Federation as extremist.
The Metamorphosis Franz Kafka Novel Banned by the Nazis and Communists.[57]
A Message to Man and Humanity Aleksandar Cvetkoviä Banned in Yugoslavia by court order in 1967 for "false and wicked claims, and enemy propaganda that supports pro-Chinese politics".[21]
Mirror of the Polish Crown Sebastian Miczyński Anti-Semitic pamphlet Because this pamphlet published in 1618 was one of the causes of the anti-Jewish riots in Cracow, it was banned by Sigismund III Vasa.[58]
The Mountain Wreath Petar II Petroviä-NjegoÅ¡ Drama in verse Banned in Bosnia schools by Carlos Westendorp.[59]
Military Incorporated Ayesha Siddiqa Novel Banned by the government of Pakistan for a short period due to political matters.

[edit] N

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
Naked Lunch William S. Burroughs Novel Banned by Boston courts in 1962 for obscenity, but that decision was reversed in 1966 by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court.[60]
New Class Milovan äilas Banned in Yugoslavia by court order in 1957; author sentenced for enemy propaganda to seven years in prison, prolonged to 13 years in 1962.[21]
The Nickel-Plated-Feet Gang During the Occupation Louis Forton comic book Banned in Yugoslavia by court order in 1945.[4]
Nineteen Eighty-Four George Orwell Novel Banned by the Soviet Union in 1950, as Stalin understood that it was a satire based on his leadership, it was nearly banned by U.S.A and U.K in the early 1960s during the Cuban Missile Crisis. It was not until 1990 that the U.S.S.R legalised the book and it was re-released after editing.[61]
Notre ami le roi Gilles Perrault Biography of Hassan II of Morocco Banned in Morocco. This book is a biography of King Hassan and examines cases of torture, killing and political imprisonment said to have been carried out by the Moroccan Government.[62]
Not Without My Daughter Betty Mahmoody Novel Banned in Iran. It is a real life story of an American citizen's escape along with her daughter from the clutches of her husband in Iran. It created furor in Iran for showing the general conditions there in bad light as well as for being critical of Iranian Islamic customs.
Nine Hours To Rama Stanley Wolpert Banned in India. It exposes persons responsible for security lapses that led to Mohandas Gandhi's assassination.

[edit] O

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
On Fierce Wound - Fierce Herb Ratko Zakiä Withdrawn from sales and destroyed after the decision of the Municipal Committee of the League of Communists of Kraljevo in Kraljevo, Yugoslavia in 1967.[21]
On the Origins and Perpetual Use of the Legislative Powers of the Apostolic Kings of Hungary in Matters Ecclesiastical. Adam F. Koll¡r Legal-political Banned by the Vatican for arguments against the political role of the Roman Catholic Church.[63] Original title: De Originibus et Usu perpetuo.
One Day of Life Manlio Argueta Novel Banned by El Salvador for its portrayal of human rights violations.[64]
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich Alexander Solzhenitsyn Novel Banned from publication in the Soviet Union in 1964.[14]

[edit] P

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
The Peaceful Pill Handbook Philip Nitschke and Fiona Stewart Instructional manual on euthanasia Initially banned in New Zealand by Office of Film & Literature Classification since it was deemed to be objectionable.[65] In May 2008 it was allowed for sale if sealed and an indication of the censorship classification was displayed. The book was initially restricted in Australia:[66] after review the 2007 edition was banned outright.[39][67][68]
Putin. The Results. 10 Years On Boris Nemtsov and Vladimir Milov Political book "Russian police seized 100,000 copies of a book critical of Prime Minister Vladimir Putin that activists planned to hand out at the Saint Petersburg International Economic Forum."[69]

[edit] Q

Title Author Type of Literature Reason

[edit] R

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
Rangila Rasul Pt. Chamupati Religious Currently banned in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.[70]
Rights of Man Thomas Paine Political Banned in the U.K and author charged with treason for supporting the French Revolution.[20] Banned in Tsarist Russia after the Decembrist revolt.[71]

[edit] S

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
The Satanic Verses Salman Rushdie Novel Banned in the following countries for alleged blasphemy against Islam: Bangladesh, Egypt, India, Iran, Kenya, Kuwait, Liberia, Papua New Guinea, Pakistan, Senegal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Thailand.[72][73]
Snorri the Seal Frithjof Slen Fable Satirical book banned during the German occupation of Norway.[74]
Soft Target: How the Indian Intelligence Service Penetrated Canada Zuhair Kashmeri & Brian McAndrew Investigative Journalism Banned in India.[75]
The Song of the Red Ruby Agnar Mykle Novel Banned in Norway in 1957 for its explicit sexual content. The ban was lifted by the Supreme Court in 1958.
Slaughterhouse-Five Kurt Vonnegut Novel Banned frequently in the U.S.A following the Island Trees School District v. Pico case. It remains banned from school libraries and is the 76th entry in the American Library Association's "100 Most Frequently Challenged Books By Decade".[76]
Smash and Grab: Annexation of Sikkim Sunanda Datta-Ray Non-Fiction Banned in India by government-sponsored legal harassment and unavailable for sale anywhere in the world. Describes the process of the annexation of the independent Buddhist kingdom of Sikkim by the Indian government of Indira Gandhi in 1975.[citation needed]
Spycatcher Peter Wright Autobiography Banned in the U.K 1985-1988 for revealing secrets. Wright was a former MI5 intelligence officer and his book was banned before it was even published in 1987.[77][78]
Storytellers II BoÅ¡ko Novakoviä story collection Withdrawn from print in Yugoslavia in 1964 because it contained stories by DragiÅ¡a Vasiä[21].
Suicide mode d'emploi Claudio Guilln Essay This book, reviewing recipes for committing suicide, was the cause of a scandal in France in the 1980s, resulting in the enactment of a law prohibiting provocation to commit suicide and propaganda or advertisement of products, objects or methods for committing suicide.[79] Subsequent reprints were thus illegal. The book was cited by name in the debates of the French National Assembly when examining the bill.[80]

[edit] T

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
The True Furqan "Al Saffee" and "Al Mahdee" Religious text Import into India prohibited on the grounds of threatening national security.[82]
Tropic of Cancer Henry Miller Novel (fictionalized memoir) Banned in the U.S.A in the 1930s until the early 1960s, seized by US Customs for sexually explicit content and vulgarity. The rest of Miller's work was also banned by the United States.[83] Also banned in South Africa until the late 1980s.[citation needed]
The Turner Diaries William Luther Pierce Novel Banned in Germany for its Nazi ideology theme and Pierce leadership in the National Alliance. Blamed for a number of crimes allegedly inspired by the novel.[84]

[edit] U

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
Ulysses James Joyce Novel Banned in U.K during the 1930s and in Australia during the 1930s and 1940s.[citation needed] Challenged and temporarily banned in the U.S.A for its sexual content. In 1933 the ban was overturned in United States v. One Book Called Ulysses.[85]
Uncle Tom's Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe Novel Banned in the Southern United States during the Civil War due to its anti-slavery content. In 1852, Uncle Tom's Cabin was banned in Russia under the reign of Nicholas I due to the idea of equality it presented, and for its "undermining religious ideals." [14]
Understanding Islam through Hadis Ram Swarup Critique of political Islam Banned in India.[86]
United States-Vietnam Relations: 1945-1967 Robert McNamara and the United States Department of Defense Government Study Also known as the Pentagon Papers. US President Nixon attempted to suspend publication of classified information. The restraint was lifted by the US Supreme Court in a 6-3 decision.[87] See also New York Times Co. v. United States.
Uten en trd Jens Bjrneboe Novel Published in 1966, banned in Norway for its explicit sexual content. The ban was later lifted.
Unarmed Victory Bertrand Russell Banned in India. Contains unflattering details of the 1962 Sino-India War.

[edit] V

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
Various works Shen Congwen Novels "Denounced by the Communists and Nationalists alike, Mr. Shen saw his writings banned in Taiwan, while mainland [China] publishing houses burned his books and destroyed printing plates for his novels. .... So successful was the effort to erase Mr. Shen's name from the modern literary record that few younger Chinese today recognize his name, much less the breadth of his work. Only since 1978 has the Chinese Government reissued selections of his writings, although in editions of only a few thousand copies. .... In China, his passing was unreported."[88]

[edit] W

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
Watershed äeda Vukoviä Self-banned by the publisher Nolit in Yugoslavia in 1968.[21]
The Well of Loneliness Radclyffe Hall Novel Banned in the U.K in 1928 for its lesbian theme, republished in 1949.[89]


[edit] Y

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
Year 501: The Conquest Continues Noam Chomsky Politics Banned for distribution in South Korean military as one of 23 books banned on Aug 1st 2008.

[16]

[edit] Z

Title Author Type of Literature Reason
Zhuan Falun Li Hongzhi Spiritual Banned in Mainland China[90]

[edit] See also

[edit] Further reading

[edit] References

  1. ^ A.H. McLintock, An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand: Censorship of Books
  2. ^ Skold, Walter. "Ray Bradbury Condemns Cuban Book Burning; 'Fahrenheit 451' Author Takes Stance While U.S. Librarians Ignore Counterparts". WorldNetDaily. http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=45050. Retrieved 10 Jan 2009. "Among some of the many thousands of materials burned or destroyed by the Cuban Department of Interior were books on the United States Constitution, Martin Luther King, Jr., journalism manuals, a book called 'Fidel's Secret Wars,' and in one case, even a book by Jos Mart, the Cuban hero of independence beloved by most Cubans and often quoted by Castro." 
  3. ^ "Index Librorum Prohibitorum". Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 
  4. ^ a b Arsiä Ivkov, Marinko (2002-06-23). "Kriviäna estetika (32)" (in Serbian). Dnevnik (Novi Sad). http://www.dnevnik.rs/arhiva/23-06-2002/Strane/feljton.htm. Retrieved April 25, 2009. 
  5. ^ http://www.stltoday.com/news/state-and-regional/missouri/article_3faa21e8-17bd-5743-8104-24b587cd4405.html
  6. ^ Al-Ahram Weekly | Culture | Off the shelf - and then where?. Weekly.ahram.org.eg (2001-02-07). Retrieved on 2010-05-09.
  7. ^ "Book fair opens amid controversy". BBC News. 25 January 2001. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1135908.stm. Retrieved 27 March 2010. 
  8. ^ "Cairo book protesters released". BBC News. 12 May 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/746766.stm. Retrieved 27 March 2010. 
  9. ^ Frequently Asked Questions - Lenny's Alice in Wonderland site. Alice-in-wonderland.net. Retrieved on 2010-05-09.
  10. ^ a b Grannis, Chandler B.; Haight, Anne (Lyon) (1978). Banned books, 387 B. C. to 1978 A. D. New York: R. R. Bowker. p. 80. ISBN 0-8352-1078-2. 
  11. ^ http://www.oflc.gov.au/www/cob/find.nsf/d853f429dd038ae1ca25759b0003557c/2023ef4569c5697eca2576710078a49f!OpenDocument
  12. ^ Sajjad Zahir: The Voice of the Common Man. Chowk (2005-12-27). Retrieved on 2010-05-09.
  13. ^ Rodden, John (Winter2003). "Appreciating Animal Farm in the New Millennium". Modern Age 45 (1): 10. ISSN 00267457. 
  14. ^ a b c d e f Karolides, Nicholas J. (c2006). Banned Books : Literature Suppressed on Political Grounds. New York, NY: Facts on File, Inc.. ISBN 0816062706. 
  15. ^ Karolides et al., p. 16-20
  16. ^ a b c Military expands book blacklist
  17. ^ China Free Press Lung Ying-tai becomes an internet pariah in China. Chinafreepress.org (2009-09-18). Retrieved on 2010-05-09.
  18. ^ Brendan Behan, Irish writer and playwright, Borstal Boy. FileRoom.org. Retrieved on 2010-05-09.
  19. ^ Sova, Dawn B. (c2006). Banned Books : Literature Suppressed on Social Grounds. New York, NY: Facts on File. ISBN 0816062714. 
  20. ^ a b "Banned Books Online". http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/banned-books.html. 
  21. ^ a b c d e f g Arsiä Ivkov, Marinko (2002-06-24). "Kriviäna estetika (33)" (in Serbian). Dnevnik (Novi Sad). http://www.dnevnik.rs/arhiva/24-06-2002/Strane/feljton.htm. Retrieved April 25, 2009. 
  22. ^ "Da Vinci Code banned in Lebanon". BBC News. 16 September 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3663344.stm. Retrieved 27 March 2010. 
  23. ^ Assassination of Federico Garcia Lorca: Gibson, Ian - AbeBooks - 9780140064735: Courtyard Books BA. AbeBooks. Retrieved on 2010-05-09.
  24. ^ Church of Scientology blasts Russian government for ban on L. Ron Hubbard writings - Yahoo! News. News.yahoo.com (2010-04-22). Retrieved on 2010-05-09.
  25. ^ Marling, William. (2009-05-01) Why Jane Fonda Is Banned in Beirut - WSJ.com. Online.wsj.com. Retrieved on 2010-05-09.
  26. ^ Joanne Laurier (21 January 2006). "Not so much fun for Dick and Jane". http://www.wsws.org/articles/2006/jan2006/dick-j21.shtml. 
  27. ^ Karolides et al., p. 40-45
  28. ^ CBC's The Current the whole show blow by blow.
  29. ^ a b Sova, Dawn B. (c2006). Banned Books : Literature Suppressed on Sexual Grounds. New York, NY: Facts on File. ISBN 0816062722. 
  30. ^ "à„ààààààààààžààààààààààžàà¡àžà ààà à/àààà àààààà à«ààà¡àààààà à«ààààààààààààààà«àààààààààžàà¡àžà" (in Thai). Royal Gazette 123 (Special 23 à): 31. June 27, 2006. http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2549/E/073/31.PDF. 
  31. ^ Karolides et al., p. 45-50
  32. ^ See also footnote 1, United States v. Schiff, 2008-1 U.S. Tax Cas. (CCH) paragr. 50,111 (9th Cir. 2007), citing United States v. Schiff, 379 F.3d 621, 630 (9th Cir. 2004), regarding the Court's finding that the book The Federal Mafia: How the Government Illegally Imposes and Unlawfully Collects Income Taxes constituted "fraudulent commercial speech."
  33. ^ http://miasta.gazeta.pl/opole/1,35086,2062655.html, http://www.nto.pl/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20040508/REGION/105080095, Glosariusz idzie na przemiaÅ. 2004. Nowa Trybuna Opolska, May 14
  34. ^ "Top 10 "Obscene" Literary Classics". http://civilliberty.about.com/od/freespeech/tp/obscenenovels.htm. 
  35. ^ Karolides et al., p 57-71
  36. ^ Karolides et al., p 71-78
  37. ^ Associated Press (10 September 2009). "Russia makes Gulag history". The Boston Globe (Massachusetts). http://www.boston.com/news/world/europe/articles/2009/09/10/russia_makes_gulag_history_required_reading/. Retrieved 14 November 2009. 
  38. ^ http://www.oflc.gov.au/www/cob/find.nsf/d853f429dd038ae1ca25759b0003557c/507ee7fcca76c71fca257671007b1e78!OpenDocument
  39. ^ a b http://www.oflc.gov.au/www/cob/rwpattach.nsf/VAP/(084A3429FD57AC0744737F8EA134BACB)~989+-+Decision+7+February+2007+-+The+Peaceful+Pill+Handbook.pdf/$file/989+-+Decision+7+February+2007+-+The+Peaceful+Pill+Handbook.pdf
  40. ^ Morgan, Bill; Nancy Joyce Peters (2006). Howl on trial: the battle for free expression. San Francisco: City Lights Books. pp. 2–3. ISBN 9780872864795. http://books.google.com/books?id=NXBfQdfp4CIC&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q=&f=false. 
  41. ^ Book on Islam banned, author's house raided in Mumbai - Attacks | hindujagruti.org. Google.com. Retrieved on 2010-05-09.
  42. ^ http://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/data/judgements/2010/CRAPPLN142107.pdf
  43. ^ "Nadine Gordimer". South African History Online. http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/gordimer-n.htm. Retrieved 16 November 2009. 
  44. ^ [|South African Government Online] (19 April 2001). "Asmal comments on Gauteng matriculation set works". Speeches and Statements. Ministry of Education. http://www.info.gov.za/speeches/2001/010420945a1006.htm. Retrieved 16 November 2009. 
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